Questionnaire Test Observation Sheet and Checklist for Students’ Participation

Explanation: M : Mean X : Individual score N : Number of students Next, to know the students who passed KKM 70.0, the writer used this formula: 8 P = 100 Explanation: P : The class percentage F : Total percentage score N : Number of students Next step, the writer identified the improvement of students’ descriptive writing from pre-test up to post-test 1 in cycle I and post-test 2 in cycle II. The formula used by the writer is: 9 Explanation: P : Percentage of students’ writing improvement y : Pre-test result y1 : Post-test result 1 Explanation: P : Percentage of students’ writing improvement y : Pre-test result y2 : Post-test result 2 8 Ibid., 9 David E. Meltzer, The Relationship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible Hidden Variable in Diagnostic Pretest Scores, Iowa: Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2008, p. 68. On the other hand, in analyzing the data obtained from the students’ descriptive writing paragraph, the writer used analytical scoring rubric adapted from Jacobs et al. s’ scoring profile. In the Jacob et al. Scale, scripts are rated on five aspects of writing: content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics. 10 Therefore, the writer modified the aspects and the weight of each aspect. The analytical score rubric adapted by the writer as follows: Table 3.2 Analytical Scoring Rubric adapted from Jacobs et al. s’ Aspect Score Performance Description Weighting Content C 20 - Topic - Detailed 4 The topic is complete and clear and the details are relating to the topic x20 3 The topic is complete and clear but the details are almost relating to the topic 2 The topic is complete and clear but the details are not relating to the topic 1 The topic is not clear and the details are not relating to the topic Organization O 20 - Identification - Description 4 Identification is complete and descriptions are arranged with proper connectives x20 3 Identification is almost complete and descriptions are arranged with almost proper connectives 2 Identification is not complete and descriptions are arranged with few misuse of connectives 1 Identification is not complete and descriptions are arranged with misuse of connectives Grammar G 20 - Use present tense - Agreement 4 Very few grammatical or agreement inaccuracies x20 3 few grammatical or agreement inaccuracies but not affect on meaning 2 Numerous grammatical or agreement inaccuracies 1 Frequent grammatical or agreement inaccuracies Vocabulary V 20 4 Effective choice and words and word forms 10 Sarah Cushing Weigle, Assessing Writing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 115.

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