Research Questions IMPROVING STUDENTS’

gift rather than skill. 4 So, we can say that even great writers with an amazing writing skill had spent their time through practice because practice makes perfect. Moreover, he also states another definition that explains writing is a process of discovery. 5 The writer has gone through a long way to produce a good writing, and sometimes it involves a series of steps. In other words, to have a flawless writing we have to organize our idea, put it on a paper, and then revise it. They are all the processes of writing which writer has to follow. On the other hand, Raimes states that writing is a part of communication and it also helps students to learn. She explains it in three reasons: First, writing can foster students’ understanding about grammatical structures, vocabulary and idiom that teacher have been taught. Second, students have a chance to explore their language knowledge while they are writing, and they are brave enough to make a mistake. Third, students will engage in a new language when they write, and they use their eye, hand, and brain to express the idea in learning process. 6 It can be concluded that writing gives some benefits in linguistic competence for students who explore their writing through practice. Moreover, Flynn and Stainthrop argue that “Writing is such a complex activity that it makes considerable demands upon our limited processing capacity ”. 7 In order to form a good, logic and meaningful sentences, a writer has to work out their feels and senses. Perhaps, it might not be easy for everyone to do so. Another writing definition from Sale, he defines that “Writing considered as a mechanical skill”. 8 What he means by mechanical is performance of a process which involves a series of sets, repeatable steps that can be listed so it turns easier to understand. Anyone who does those activities will have an instinct that in doing a job in this case is writing without have much effort. In other word, if someone 4 John Langan, English Skills, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001, p. 10. 5 Ibid., p. 12. 6 Ann Raimes, Techinques in Teaching Writing, New York: Oxford University Press, 1983, p. 3. 7 Naomi Fylnn and Rhone Stainthroph, The Learning and Teaching of Reading and Writing, West Sussex: Whurr Publishers, 2006, p. 63. 8 Roger Sale, On Writing, Toronto: Random House Book, 1970, p. 15. practices to write everyday they are trying to make it as a habit. Habit is something we do regularly and we do something we love. Furthermore, Sale adds t hat “The first writing is usually copying, and in the early stages in writing is the same as handwriting skill ”. 9 He explains that children start to learn from letters, to spell the word and then to tell some words. Therefore, students tend to copy a writing example instead of making their own writing in the first time they learn to write in school. Moreover, at the same time, their teacher does not scold them whenever they make the same writing format. Indeed, learning to write is done through a long process, and to have a good writing someone has to practice; it does not have instant way. So, we have to keep in mind that a genius is once an amateur.

2. The Writing Process

Meyers in his book Gateways to Academic Writing states that “Writing well comes from working through a process of writing. When we read a book, it is the finished product of many hours of composing and revising. We did not see the draft making, and so on. ” 10 Writing process can be seen as a four main stages: planning, drafting, revising and editing. 11 In making a good piece of writing, ideally it has to be done in some stages but it might be varied for everyone.

a. Planning

Planning or pre-writing is considered as a basic for kinds of writing, reading, thinking and learning. 12 It is also viewed as an activity that encourages people to write. This stage will stimulate us to generate and gather information for writing and this stage can be done through these following activities: Brainstorming, Clustering, Free Writing, Wh-questions and etc. 13 In short, in the 9 Ibid., p. 17. 10 Meyers, op. cit., p. 2. 11 Jack C. Richard and Willy A. Renandya eds., Methodology in Language Teaching an Anthology of Current Practice, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 315. 12 Martha Rapp Ruddell, John Wiley and Sons, Teaching Content Reading Writing 5 th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Inc, 2008, p. 295. 13 Renandya, op. cit., p. 316.

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