THE EXPRESSION OF POLITENESS USED BY GLORIA IN DEMI UCOK MOVI.
THE EXPRESSION OF POLITENESS USED BY GLORIA
IN DEMI UCOK MOVIE
A THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill the partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
LISBET AMBARITA
Registration Number 2112220012
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Ambarita, Lisbet. Reg. No. 2112220012. The Expression of Politeness used by
Gloria in Demi Ucok Movie. A Thesis. English Department of Faculty of
Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016
This study deals with The Expression of Politeness used by Gloria in Demi Ucok
Movie. The data of this study were the utterances in Demi Ucok by Gloria. The
utterances which contained principles politeness were identified and analyzed.
This study applied descriptive qualitative method which is concerned in
developing explanation of types of principles politeness to help us understand the
principles politeness in which we live and why we used it. The descriptive
qualitative was used in this research in which the writer analyzed the data and
described the dominant based on its Principles Politeness classification to aim at
maximize the benefit to other, maximize praise of other, maximize dispraise of
self, maximize agreement between self and other, and maximize sympathy
between self and others which had found in utterances in Gloria by Demi Ucok.
The findings show of 78 utterances, they were shown by Tact Maxim (34),
followed by Modesty Maxim (13), Approbation (13), whereas Sympathy Maxim
(12), and Agreement (6) and the principles politeness of Demi Ucok by Gloria
mostly showed Tact Maxim as minimize cost to self and maximize benefit to
other, and found the implication to solve the problem.
Keywords: Principles Politeness, Utterances, Gloria, Demi Ucok, Movie.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise the Almighty God. First of all, the writer would like to thank God
for all His blessing, guarding, guidance and for everything that have been given
along her life, especially in accomplishing this thesis. This thesis is aimed to
fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of Sarjana Sastra at the
English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistance and
academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. H. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd.,the Head of English Department, Dra.
Meisuri, MA., the Secretary of English Department and her Thesis
Consultan, and Syamsul Bahri,SS, M.Hum.,the Head of English
Literature Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of
Medan.
Juli Rachmadani Hasibuan, S.S.,M.Hum., her Thesis Consultant, for
their patience and suggestions in guiding the writer to finish this thesis.
Drs. Elia Masa Gintings,M.Hum., Drs. Willem Saragih, Dipl;Appl.,
M.Pd., and Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed As her Thesis reviewers.
Her beloved father Jaminar Ambarita and lovely mother Meriati Sihite,
and lovely sister Saradina Ambarita whom this thesis is dedicated for
their entire patient, pray, love, moral and financial support. And also
thanks for the love, support and great care all the time from her sister, and
big family of Op.Ardi Ambarita and Op Ester Sihite.
Ester S.S, Cinta S.S, Khalida S.S, Tina S.S, Swi S.S, Riandi S.S,
Choice S.S, Elsabat S.S, Marta S.S and all Applied Linguistics A and
B Reg’11 that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for their
support, info, encouragement, and team work.
GALAU, Ade Christalina S.Pd., Jhon S.S., Mangara, Morgen
Sihombing, S.Pd., Swarman S.S. Thanks for their support.
MISSY, Jelita S.Pd, Meythree S.Pd. Thanks for support and help her.
ENTHEOS, Sifi, Vina, Putri, Dipa, Melpilla. Thanks for pray, support
and love her.
Coordination UKMKP UP-FBS 2014, Evi S.Pd., Ria, Ira S.Pd., Vera
S.Pd., Lea S.Pd.,Maria, Wira. Thanks for their entire patient, support.
ii
Lewi Sidabutar., Nova S.Pd., Evi Ujung S.Pd., Permadi Pasaribu.,
Pesta Pasaribu., Wilson Habeaha., Aguni Berutu., Mesa Sitepu S.Pd.,
that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for keep praying and
motivated her, and all her close friends who live in Secretariat UP-FBS,
TIM DANA KEYBOARD UP FBS, Risma and Meylan. Thanks for their
support.
Rolesmi, S.E, Melda, S.Pd, Christine, S.S, Novri S.Pd, Rugun S.Pd,
Moriska, her beloved friend from SMA N 1 DOLOKSANGGUL that
could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for leisure time together as
long as academic.
Dera Menra Sijabat, S.Pd., Bernard Richard Nainggolan, S.Pd.,
Hasian Sidabutar, S.Pd., Rohani S.Pd., Darma Purba, S.Pd., Nurdiana
Sinurat. Thanks for their help and support her.
Citra Purba and Herman Purba. Thanks for spent time together.
Masrida, Putri, Monika, Anita, Intan. Thanks for encouragement her.
Jernita Simanjuntak, Qatijah Simanjuntak, Lina, Martina, Mery,
Isrin, Linda Zagoto, Wemmy Sihombing, Agness Purba and all close
friends who live in Panglima. Thanks for their support and team work.
Irma, Ana, Fani and all her close friends who live in Fani Ponsel. Thanks
for discussion everything.
Enna Miss Sihite. Thanks for leisure time together.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complete. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give a bit contribution to the
Applied Linguistics. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices are
expected from the readers.
Medan,
April 2016
The writer,
Lisbet Ambarita
Reg. Number: 2112220012
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1
A. The Background of Study ............................................... 1
B. The Problems of Study ................................................... 5
C. The Objectives of Study.................................................. 5
D. The Scope of the Study .................................................. 6
E. The Significances of Study ............................................. 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................... 7
A. Theoritical Frame Work.................................................. 7
1. Linguistics ................................................................... 7
a. Pragmatics ............................................................. 8
1). Politeness .......................................................... 9
2. Language of Literature .............................................. 12
3. Movie ......................................................................... 13
B.
Theories of the Study ................................................. 14
1.
Leech’s Theory ...................................................... 15
a.Tact Maxim ......................................................... 15
b.Generosity Maxim .............................................. 15
c. Approbation Maxim ........................................... 16
d. Modesty Maxim ................................................. 16
e. Agreement Maxim ............................................. 16
f. Sympathy Maxim ............................................... 17
2. Grice’s Theory ......................................................... 17
a. Maxim of Quantity............................................. 17
iv
b. Maxim of Relevance .......................................... ..18
c. Maxim of Manner .............................................. ..18
d. Maxim of Quality.. ............................................ ..18
C. Conceptual Frame Work ................................................. ..19
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD .................................................... 21
A. Research Method............................................................. 21
B. Source of Data ................................................................. 21
C. Technique of Collecting Data ......................................... 21
D. Technique of Analyzing Data ......................................... 22
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ....................................... 24
A. Data ................................................................................. 24
B. Data Analysis .................................................................. 24
1. Types of Politeness principles used Gloria in Demi Ucok
movie ......................................................................... 25
a. Discussion .................................................................. 26
1. Tact Maxim ................................................... 26
2. Approbation Maxim ...................................... 26
3. Modesty Maxim ............................................ 27
4. Agreement Maxim ........................................ 27
5. Sympathy Maxim .......................................... 28
2. The dominant of politeness principles used by Gloria in
Demi Ucok movie ..................................................... 29
3. The Implication of politeness principles used in Demi
Ucok movie ............................................................... 32
1. Tact Maxim............................................................ 33
2. Approbation Maxim .............................................. 33
3. Modesty Maxim ..................................................... 34
4. Agreement Maxim ................................................. 34
5. Sympathy Maxim .................................................. 35
v
C. Research Findings ........................................................... 35
CHAPTER V. Conclusions and Suggestions ............................................ 37
A. Conclusions..................................................................... 37
B. Suggestions ..................................................................... 38
REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 39
vi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 4.1 the table of research .................................................................. 22
TABLE 4.1 Types of Politeness principles used by Gloria in Demi
Ucok movie………………………………………………… 25
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Data ...................................................................................43
APPENDIX B Data and Principles Politeness Classification................49
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
In our daily life, we will always need someone to interact, share, or even
help us. Yule (1996:35) says that speakers and listeners involved in conversation
are generally cooperating with each other. There are things that we need to notice
in doing interaction. One of them is being polite to others. Generally, we act
politely in order to show our wishes, to start a friendly relation with someone, or
to maintain it if it is already existing, or to mend it if it is being threatened for
some reasons. It means that whenever we want someone to do us a favor we have
to make the request in a polite manner. The politeness principles were the
principles of communication when the participants in a social interaction have the
ability to engage in interaction in an atmosphere of relative harmony Huang
(2008:97).
Politeness Principle in the Presidential Debates between Mc Cain and
Obama found that there was a complex situation for audience in responding
scientific articles. He also considered politeness principle as a crucial factor which
contributes to the candidates face in debates. So, it is interesting to analyze the
utterances in Barrack Obama‟s interview Pakzadian (2012:357)
1
2
In measuring the level of politeness language which is used when the
speakers himself began his talk, can be seen from the social status, rank and age.
Based on the social status, we can see how the level of politeness language is
used. An employee will never refuse his boss. So do when we talk to older people,
though when they are wrong, we cannot imply that it is wrong. But, we must find
another way so that the incident does not happen again. Some people think that
their culture is the most polite. One of the cultures themselves is that when talking
with the parents in law, we should not stare or look into their eyes, but we must
bow. It is the polite gesture. Unlike Karonese culture, when delivering the
message to the parent in law, they have to talk to the door or others to convey the
message. Contrary to western, when speaking, they must stare at the speaker at the
time of speaking, and the speaker who does not see at the eye when speaking is
considered impolite (Rahadi : 2005).
Even, some cultures consider that they are most courteous compared with
others culture. Nowadays they think their cultures are getting decreased and
changed. It is also caused by a very sophisticated era, where the presence of the
advanced tools that they are used. For instance, most people are interested in
playing the features of mobile phone rather than using it as a communication tool
usually.
A very important way to show how the speakers and listeners respects in
their community especially if know the position of the speakers and listeners was
politeness. In every conversation, there are many ways of stating intention. When
we are in a group of friends we can say to them I want to borrow your money!
3
When we are around a group of adults, we must say Could you please lend me
your money, Sir, if you don’t mind!
Aimed to investigate the language used in society, which is appropriate to
the situation and also aimed at maintaining relationships between speakers and
listeners was politeness. A theory that can be used to say whether the language is
polite or not, according to Leech (1983) theory that is formulated conversational
maxims based on politeness principle. Maxims is a principle of formula
embodying role of conduct, maxims is rather than regulation, maxim is a
principle. So, polite maxim can be said the principle or the role of the language
used to be polite Grice (1978).
Literature was classified into some categories, as a drama/play, non-fiction
prose, prose fiction, and the last poetry. Play or drama tells about the story of
acting written to be performed by actor, in which it tells the human life in the form
of acting and also speaking on the stage, and imitates human action by speech and
action (Robert, 1984: 1). So, the situation of human life in the real word is not
truly different since the story is made as if it is real in many field of human life.
For example, educations, religions, cultures, politics are included in the play.
The characteristics of the language in play are modeled on real-life
conversation among the people and one also considers the differences between the
real talk and the cast talk.
4
Gloria‟s role in this movie is a girl, who is old enough to marry, but she has
not a boyfriend yet. She dreams to make film again. Her mother wants her marry
as soon as possible. But, she refused her mother to marry.
So, the researcher can prove theory to measure conversation. And the movie
that we choose to measure theory of politeness is Demi Ucok. Exactly Gloria„s
utterance in Demi Ucok. Demi ucok is a refreshing comedy based on own story
from a first time Indonesian female director. Why the researcher chooses this
movie in to this research is one of movie that young people will, because the story
tells about the Gloria‟s mother or Mak Gondut wants to find her daughter a
husband from batak.
In identifying and describing the analysis of politeness strategy in
competitive business English letters show that tact maxim is more powerful,
important, and well demonstrates. The other advantage is more important than the
other types in politeness by simulating the readers to pay close attention to how
the politeness strategies are used under the guidance of politeness principles Fang
(2012)
Barrack Obama‟s interview used the Leech‟s theory, they are: tact maxim,
generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim and
the last sympathy maxim. The most dominant type of politeness principles used
by Barrack Obama in his interview is agreement. It is because Barrack Obama
minimizes disagreement between self and others. So, He used agreement maxim
to get respect from others because people usually will be glad and welcome
someone who has the same understanding and point of view Silalahi (2008)
5
In this study this research was focused to identify the type of maxim and to
find out what is the implication of politeness in Gloria in “Demi Ucok” Movie.
B. The Problems of the Study
Relating to the background of the study above, the problems of the study
based on Leech theory were formulated as follows:
a. What are the types of politeness principles used Gloria in “Demi Ucok”
Movie?
b. What kind of politeness principle is the most dominantly used in the
utterance of Gloria?
c. What is the implication of the dominant politeness principles used in
“Demi Ucok” Movie?
C. The Objective of the Study
In relation to the problem, objective of the study were:
1.
To find out the types of politeness maxims used the Gloria‟s conversation
2. To investigate the language use in society which is used by Gloria in
„Demi Ucok‟ movie based on Leech‟s theory,
3. To reduce conflict between the speakers and the listener, to avoid
misunderstanding caused by culture differences and be glad and welcome
someone who have the same understanding and point of view.
6
D. The Scope of the Study
The study was focused on politeness expressions in Demi Ucok movie. It is
from the Gloria conversation. This study focused on Leech‟s theory which
introduces six maxims. They are tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation
maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim.
E. The Significance of the Study
This study hopefully contributes something important in the use of
language. The findings of this study were expected to be useful for;
1. The readers, specifically the literature students were helped to be aware in
the implication of expressions of politeness among the students.
2. The next researchers were the reference to do related research
39
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Based on the previous chapter, the conclusion can be formulated as follows:
1. There were five types of politeness principles used in the utterance of
Gloria; it consists of 34 (43 %) expression of Tact Maxim, 13 (16 %)
expressions of Approbation Maxim, 13 (16 %) expressions of Modesty
Maxim, 6 (10 %) expressions of Agreement Maxim, and 12 (15 %)
expressions of Sympathy Maxim. Therefore, there were 78 expressions of
politeness principles that are found in the Gloria’ utterances.
2. The most dominant type of politeness principles that was used by Gloria in
her conversation was Tact Maxim. It means Gloria wanted to unite thought
and hope between her and the others character in Demi Ucok. So, she
maximized the expression of beliefs, which caused benefit to other. She
used Tact Maxim to get respect from the others because people usually be
glad and welcome someone who has the same understanding and point of
view.
39
40
3. The implication of politeness principles in her conversation should use
politeness principles in our daily life because people will feel comfortable
to interact to someone who talks politely.
B. Suggestions
In relation to the conclusion, it is suggested that,
1. Students, who have studied in applied linguistics, should do more learning
the others principles politeness.
2. Other researchers, who will conduct further researchers on politeness
principles in other setting of communications to complete the study about
politeness principles, so the reader could, comprehend about it.
67
REFERENCES
Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research Design, Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed
Method Aprroaches. California: Sage.
Deutschmann, M.2003. Apologizing in British English. Umea Universitet
Gu, Yueguo. 2014. Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. Journal of pragmatics.
Vol.14: page 237-257.
Holmes, J. 1995. An introduction to Sociolinguistics. London: Longman.
Huang, Yongliang. 2008. Politeness Principles in Cross-Cultural Communication.
Journal of Academic and Applied Linguistics. Vol.1 No.1: page.96-101.
Kan, Fang. 2012. Analysis of Politeness Strategy in Competitive Business English
Letters. Journal of Academic and Applied Linguistics. Vol.16-17: page 397402.
Leech, G. 1982. The Cooperative, Relevance and Polite Principles in Jokes:
Interpretation and Complementarines. Universidad DE LA RIOJA.
Leech, G. 2014. The Pragmatics of Politeness. OXFORD studies in Sociolinguistics.
Murni, S. M. & Solin, M. 2006. Kesantunan Berbahasa & Penelitian Kebahasaan di
Unimed. Unpublished Paper. Medan.
Pakzadian, Maryam. 2012. Politeness Principles in 2008 Presidential Debates
between Mc Cain and Obama. Mediterranean journal of social sciences.
Vol.3 No. 3: page 351-357.
68
Rahadi, K. 2005. Pragmatik, Kesantunan Imperatif Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta :
Erlangga
Shahrokhi, Mohsen & Bidabadi, F.S. 2013. An overview of Politeness Theories:
Current Status, Future Orientations. American Journal of Linguistics. Vol. 2
No.2: page 17-27
Silalahi, H. 2008. The expression of politeness. Universitas Negeri Medan
Yule, George. 2000. Pragmatic: Oxford Introduction To Language Study.
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm6823278/bio. Accessed on January, 02 2015
http://www.indonesianfilmcenter.com/cc/geraldine-sianturi.html.
January, 02
on
Retrained
on
2015
http://syahdwiwid.blogspot.com/2012/01/batak-stereotypes.html.
January, 02
Retrained
2015
IN DEMI UCOK MOVIE
A THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill the partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
LISBET AMBARITA
Registration Number 2112220012
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Ambarita, Lisbet. Reg. No. 2112220012. The Expression of Politeness used by
Gloria in Demi Ucok Movie. A Thesis. English Department of Faculty of
Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016
This study deals with The Expression of Politeness used by Gloria in Demi Ucok
Movie. The data of this study were the utterances in Demi Ucok by Gloria. The
utterances which contained principles politeness were identified and analyzed.
This study applied descriptive qualitative method which is concerned in
developing explanation of types of principles politeness to help us understand the
principles politeness in which we live and why we used it. The descriptive
qualitative was used in this research in which the writer analyzed the data and
described the dominant based on its Principles Politeness classification to aim at
maximize the benefit to other, maximize praise of other, maximize dispraise of
self, maximize agreement between self and other, and maximize sympathy
between self and others which had found in utterances in Gloria by Demi Ucok.
The findings show of 78 utterances, they were shown by Tact Maxim (34),
followed by Modesty Maxim (13), Approbation (13), whereas Sympathy Maxim
(12), and Agreement (6) and the principles politeness of Demi Ucok by Gloria
mostly showed Tact Maxim as minimize cost to self and maximize benefit to
other, and found the implication to solve the problem.
Keywords: Principles Politeness, Utterances, Gloria, Demi Ucok, Movie.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise the Almighty God. First of all, the writer would like to thank God
for all His blessing, guarding, guidance and for everything that have been given
along her life, especially in accomplishing this thesis. This thesis is aimed to
fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of Sarjana Sastra at the
English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistance and
academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. H. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd.,the Head of English Department, Dra.
Meisuri, MA., the Secretary of English Department and her Thesis
Consultan, and Syamsul Bahri,SS, M.Hum.,the Head of English
Literature Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of
Medan.
Juli Rachmadani Hasibuan, S.S.,M.Hum., her Thesis Consultant, for
their patience and suggestions in guiding the writer to finish this thesis.
Drs. Elia Masa Gintings,M.Hum., Drs. Willem Saragih, Dipl;Appl.,
M.Pd., and Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed As her Thesis reviewers.
Her beloved father Jaminar Ambarita and lovely mother Meriati Sihite,
and lovely sister Saradina Ambarita whom this thesis is dedicated for
their entire patient, pray, love, moral and financial support. And also
thanks for the love, support and great care all the time from her sister, and
big family of Op.Ardi Ambarita and Op Ester Sihite.
Ester S.S, Cinta S.S, Khalida S.S, Tina S.S, Swi S.S, Riandi S.S,
Choice S.S, Elsabat S.S, Marta S.S and all Applied Linguistics A and
B Reg’11 that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for their
support, info, encouragement, and team work.
GALAU, Ade Christalina S.Pd., Jhon S.S., Mangara, Morgen
Sihombing, S.Pd., Swarman S.S. Thanks for their support.
MISSY, Jelita S.Pd, Meythree S.Pd. Thanks for support and help her.
ENTHEOS, Sifi, Vina, Putri, Dipa, Melpilla. Thanks for pray, support
and love her.
Coordination UKMKP UP-FBS 2014, Evi S.Pd., Ria, Ira S.Pd., Vera
S.Pd., Lea S.Pd.,Maria, Wira. Thanks for their entire patient, support.
ii
Lewi Sidabutar., Nova S.Pd., Evi Ujung S.Pd., Permadi Pasaribu.,
Pesta Pasaribu., Wilson Habeaha., Aguni Berutu., Mesa Sitepu S.Pd.,
that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for keep praying and
motivated her, and all her close friends who live in Secretariat UP-FBS,
TIM DANA KEYBOARD UP FBS, Risma and Meylan. Thanks for their
support.
Rolesmi, S.E, Melda, S.Pd, Christine, S.S, Novri S.Pd, Rugun S.Pd,
Moriska, her beloved friend from SMA N 1 DOLOKSANGGUL that
could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for leisure time together as
long as academic.
Dera Menra Sijabat, S.Pd., Bernard Richard Nainggolan, S.Pd.,
Hasian Sidabutar, S.Pd., Rohani S.Pd., Darma Purba, S.Pd., Nurdiana
Sinurat. Thanks for their help and support her.
Citra Purba and Herman Purba. Thanks for spent time together.
Masrida, Putri, Monika, Anita, Intan. Thanks for encouragement her.
Jernita Simanjuntak, Qatijah Simanjuntak, Lina, Martina, Mery,
Isrin, Linda Zagoto, Wemmy Sihombing, Agness Purba and all close
friends who live in Panglima. Thanks for their support and team work.
Irma, Ana, Fani and all her close friends who live in Fani Ponsel. Thanks
for discussion everything.
Enna Miss Sihite. Thanks for leisure time together.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complete. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give a bit contribution to the
Applied Linguistics. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices are
expected from the readers.
Medan,
April 2016
The writer,
Lisbet Ambarita
Reg. Number: 2112220012
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1
A. The Background of Study ............................................... 1
B. The Problems of Study ................................................... 5
C. The Objectives of Study.................................................. 5
D. The Scope of the Study .................................................. 6
E. The Significances of Study ............................................. 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................... 7
A. Theoritical Frame Work.................................................. 7
1. Linguistics ................................................................... 7
a. Pragmatics ............................................................. 8
1). Politeness .......................................................... 9
2. Language of Literature .............................................. 12
3. Movie ......................................................................... 13
B.
Theories of the Study ................................................. 14
1.
Leech’s Theory ...................................................... 15
a.Tact Maxim ......................................................... 15
b.Generosity Maxim .............................................. 15
c. Approbation Maxim ........................................... 16
d. Modesty Maxim ................................................. 16
e. Agreement Maxim ............................................. 16
f. Sympathy Maxim ............................................... 17
2. Grice’s Theory ......................................................... 17
a. Maxim of Quantity............................................. 17
iv
b. Maxim of Relevance .......................................... ..18
c. Maxim of Manner .............................................. ..18
d. Maxim of Quality.. ............................................ ..18
C. Conceptual Frame Work ................................................. ..19
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD .................................................... 21
A. Research Method............................................................. 21
B. Source of Data ................................................................. 21
C. Technique of Collecting Data ......................................... 21
D. Technique of Analyzing Data ......................................... 22
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ....................................... 24
A. Data ................................................................................. 24
B. Data Analysis .................................................................. 24
1. Types of Politeness principles used Gloria in Demi Ucok
movie ......................................................................... 25
a. Discussion .................................................................. 26
1. Tact Maxim ................................................... 26
2. Approbation Maxim ...................................... 26
3. Modesty Maxim ............................................ 27
4. Agreement Maxim ........................................ 27
5. Sympathy Maxim .......................................... 28
2. The dominant of politeness principles used by Gloria in
Demi Ucok movie ..................................................... 29
3. The Implication of politeness principles used in Demi
Ucok movie ............................................................... 32
1. Tact Maxim............................................................ 33
2. Approbation Maxim .............................................. 33
3. Modesty Maxim ..................................................... 34
4. Agreement Maxim ................................................. 34
5. Sympathy Maxim .................................................. 35
v
C. Research Findings ........................................................... 35
CHAPTER V. Conclusions and Suggestions ............................................ 37
A. Conclusions..................................................................... 37
B. Suggestions ..................................................................... 38
REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 39
vi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 4.1 the table of research .................................................................. 22
TABLE 4.1 Types of Politeness principles used by Gloria in Demi
Ucok movie………………………………………………… 25
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Data ...................................................................................43
APPENDIX B Data and Principles Politeness Classification................49
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
In our daily life, we will always need someone to interact, share, or even
help us. Yule (1996:35) says that speakers and listeners involved in conversation
are generally cooperating with each other. There are things that we need to notice
in doing interaction. One of them is being polite to others. Generally, we act
politely in order to show our wishes, to start a friendly relation with someone, or
to maintain it if it is already existing, or to mend it if it is being threatened for
some reasons. It means that whenever we want someone to do us a favor we have
to make the request in a polite manner. The politeness principles were the
principles of communication when the participants in a social interaction have the
ability to engage in interaction in an atmosphere of relative harmony Huang
(2008:97).
Politeness Principle in the Presidential Debates between Mc Cain and
Obama found that there was a complex situation for audience in responding
scientific articles. He also considered politeness principle as a crucial factor which
contributes to the candidates face in debates. So, it is interesting to analyze the
utterances in Barrack Obama‟s interview Pakzadian (2012:357)
1
2
In measuring the level of politeness language which is used when the
speakers himself began his talk, can be seen from the social status, rank and age.
Based on the social status, we can see how the level of politeness language is
used. An employee will never refuse his boss. So do when we talk to older people,
though when they are wrong, we cannot imply that it is wrong. But, we must find
another way so that the incident does not happen again. Some people think that
their culture is the most polite. One of the cultures themselves is that when talking
with the parents in law, we should not stare or look into their eyes, but we must
bow. It is the polite gesture. Unlike Karonese culture, when delivering the
message to the parent in law, they have to talk to the door or others to convey the
message. Contrary to western, when speaking, they must stare at the speaker at the
time of speaking, and the speaker who does not see at the eye when speaking is
considered impolite (Rahadi : 2005).
Even, some cultures consider that they are most courteous compared with
others culture. Nowadays they think their cultures are getting decreased and
changed. It is also caused by a very sophisticated era, where the presence of the
advanced tools that they are used. For instance, most people are interested in
playing the features of mobile phone rather than using it as a communication tool
usually.
A very important way to show how the speakers and listeners respects in
their community especially if know the position of the speakers and listeners was
politeness. In every conversation, there are many ways of stating intention. When
we are in a group of friends we can say to them I want to borrow your money!
3
When we are around a group of adults, we must say Could you please lend me
your money, Sir, if you don’t mind!
Aimed to investigate the language used in society, which is appropriate to
the situation and also aimed at maintaining relationships between speakers and
listeners was politeness. A theory that can be used to say whether the language is
polite or not, according to Leech (1983) theory that is formulated conversational
maxims based on politeness principle. Maxims is a principle of formula
embodying role of conduct, maxims is rather than regulation, maxim is a
principle. So, polite maxim can be said the principle or the role of the language
used to be polite Grice (1978).
Literature was classified into some categories, as a drama/play, non-fiction
prose, prose fiction, and the last poetry. Play or drama tells about the story of
acting written to be performed by actor, in which it tells the human life in the form
of acting and also speaking on the stage, and imitates human action by speech and
action (Robert, 1984: 1). So, the situation of human life in the real word is not
truly different since the story is made as if it is real in many field of human life.
For example, educations, religions, cultures, politics are included in the play.
The characteristics of the language in play are modeled on real-life
conversation among the people and one also considers the differences between the
real talk and the cast talk.
4
Gloria‟s role in this movie is a girl, who is old enough to marry, but she has
not a boyfriend yet. She dreams to make film again. Her mother wants her marry
as soon as possible. But, she refused her mother to marry.
So, the researcher can prove theory to measure conversation. And the movie
that we choose to measure theory of politeness is Demi Ucok. Exactly Gloria„s
utterance in Demi Ucok. Demi ucok is a refreshing comedy based on own story
from a first time Indonesian female director. Why the researcher chooses this
movie in to this research is one of movie that young people will, because the story
tells about the Gloria‟s mother or Mak Gondut wants to find her daughter a
husband from batak.
In identifying and describing the analysis of politeness strategy in
competitive business English letters show that tact maxim is more powerful,
important, and well demonstrates. The other advantage is more important than the
other types in politeness by simulating the readers to pay close attention to how
the politeness strategies are used under the guidance of politeness principles Fang
(2012)
Barrack Obama‟s interview used the Leech‟s theory, they are: tact maxim,
generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim and
the last sympathy maxim. The most dominant type of politeness principles used
by Barrack Obama in his interview is agreement. It is because Barrack Obama
minimizes disagreement between self and others. So, He used agreement maxim
to get respect from others because people usually will be glad and welcome
someone who has the same understanding and point of view Silalahi (2008)
5
In this study this research was focused to identify the type of maxim and to
find out what is the implication of politeness in Gloria in “Demi Ucok” Movie.
B. The Problems of the Study
Relating to the background of the study above, the problems of the study
based on Leech theory were formulated as follows:
a. What are the types of politeness principles used Gloria in “Demi Ucok”
Movie?
b. What kind of politeness principle is the most dominantly used in the
utterance of Gloria?
c. What is the implication of the dominant politeness principles used in
“Demi Ucok” Movie?
C. The Objective of the Study
In relation to the problem, objective of the study were:
1.
To find out the types of politeness maxims used the Gloria‟s conversation
2. To investigate the language use in society which is used by Gloria in
„Demi Ucok‟ movie based on Leech‟s theory,
3. To reduce conflict between the speakers and the listener, to avoid
misunderstanding caused by culture differences and be glad and welcome
someone who have the same understanding and point of view.
6
D. The Scope of the Study
The study was focused on politeness expressions in Demi Ucok movie. It is
from the Gloria conversation. This study focused on Leech‟s theory which
introduces six maxims. They are tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation
maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim.
E. The Significance of the Study
This study hopefully contributes something important in the use of
language. The findings of this study were expected to be useful for;
1. The readers, specifically the literature students were helped to be aware in
the implication of expressions of politeness among the students.
2. The next researchers were the reference to do related research
39
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Based on the previous chapter, the conclusion can be formulated as follows:
1. There were five types of politeness principles used in the utterance of
Gloria; it consists of 34 (43 %) expression of Tact Maxim, 13 (16 %)
expressions of Approbation Maxim, 13 (16 %) expressions of Modesty
Maxim, 6 (10 %) expressions of Agreement Maxim, and 12 (15 %)
expressions of Sympathy Maxim. Therefore, there were 78 expressions of
politeness principles that are found in the Gloria’ utterances.
2. The most dominant type of politeness principles that was used by Gloria in
her conversation was Tact Maxim. It means Gloria wanted to unite thought
and hope between her and the others character in Demi Ucok. So, she
maximized the expression of beliefs, which caused benefit to other. She
used Tact Maxim to get respect from the others because people usually be
glad and welcome someone who has the same understanding and point of
view.
39
40
3. The implication of politeness principles in her conversation should use
politeness principles in our daily life because people will feel comfortable
to interact to someone who talks politely.
B. Suggestions
In relation to the conclusion, it is suggested that,
1. Students, who have studied in applied linguistics, should do more learning
the others principles politeness.
2. Other researchers, who will conduct further researchers on politeness
principles in other setting of communications to complete the study about
politeness principles, so the reader could, comprehend about it.
67
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Huang, Yongliang. 2008. Politeness Principles in Cross-Cultural Communication.
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Kan, Fang. 2012. Analysis of Politeness Strategy in Competitive Business English
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Leech, G. 1982. The Cooperative, Relevance and Polite Principles in Jokes:
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Pakzadian, Maryam. 2012. Politeness Principles in 2008 Presidential Debates
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Rahadi, K. 2005. Pragmatik, Kesantunan Imperatif Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta :
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Silalahi, H. 2008. The expression of politeness. Universitas Negeri Medan
Yule, George. 2000. Pragmatic: Oxford Introduction To Language Study.
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