Volume 5, Number 5, May 2011 (Serial Number 37)

3. Results respectively. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 100%

susceptible to Augmentin (MIC ≤ 8) while 3 (75%) K. Surveillance for the occurrence of ESBLPE in

oxytoca , 2 (50%) E. coli and 1 (50%) E. aerogenes Obafemi-Owode primary school pupils were based on

were susceptible. The MIC and ESBL results were their use of antimicrobial agents in the last two weeks

interpreted in accordance with NCCLS criteria (M among 49 males (55.7%) and 39 females (44.3%),

100-S 11). Fig. 1 shows percentage proportion of which shows that ESBLPE (Table 1) was detected in

betalactamase and ESBLPE isolates.

4.5% of E. coli, 2.3% of Enterobacter spp., 0% P. mirabilis

4. Discussion

, 2.3% P. aeruginosa, 1.1% S. aureus and 4.5% of K. oxytoca among the pupil examined. By

Having surveyed a populace which is least expected disc diffusion in Table 2, 10 (76.9%) of ESBLPE were

to be carrier of ESBLPE organisms in a sub-urban resistant to cefuroxime (30 μg), 3 (23.1%) susceptible

location of Obafemi-Owode, Southwestern Nigeria, a to amoxicillin/clavulanic (20/10 μg) and low proportion of 14.7% of the pupils were confirmed to susceptibility of 7 (53.8%) was recorded for harbour ESBLPE enteric isolates which could defy ceftazidime (30 μg). From Table 3, most isolates were

antibiotic therapy in cases of gastrointestinal diseases

Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum ß-lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLPE) among

Primary School Pupil in Obafemi-Owode, Nigeria

Table 3 MIC of all ESBLPE isolates.

Antibiotic MIC reference value μg/mL

Susceptible ESBLPE isolates (n/N (%))

K. oxytoca E. cloca Imipenem ≤4

E. coli

P. mirabilis

P. aeruginosa

S. aureus

1/4 (25) 0/0 (0) N = total number of the isolates; % = percentage susceptibility.

use of these antibiotics might be contributing to the recent increase in ESBLPE in this locality where invalid prescription was made to further increase resistant strain [25].

ESBLPE

The transfer of ESBLPE to non-colonised individuals in some primary schools via side-road food vendors are necessary transmission route of ESBLPE in these facilities. Thus the prevalence of ESBLs among members of Enterobacteriaceae constitutes a serious threat to the current beta-lactame

Fig. 1 Proportion of beta-lactamase and ESBLPE isolates.

therapy, leading to treatment failure and consequent

Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

escalation of costs. There is an urgent need to such as severe diarrhoea, acute enteritis and emphasize rational use of drugs to minimize the

paratyphoid diseases. Heseltine (2000) also reported misuse of available antimicrobials. that community-acquired strains possessing ESBLs

In summary, transfer of virulent and antibiotic might be selected from the existing gastrointestinal

resistant E. coli and other enteric isolates could be flora when it was exposed to broad-spectrum aided by sharing feeding materials while fecal-oral antimicrobial agents [22]. Kumar et al. reported 19.2%

route of transmission cannot be ruled out as hygiene of E. coli isolates and 21.2% of K. pneumoniae

level is very low. Indiscriminate prescription and use isolates as ESBL producers [23] from enteric source.

of beta-lactame drugs should be checked to prevent Previous use of various antibiotics was a emergence of virulent resistant enteric strains. well-recognised risk factor for colonisation and