Analysis of CDD Characteristics
4.3.3 Analysis of CDD Characteristics
117. The 28 projects showed a range of modalities in which the five defining CDD features were used (Table 6). Table 7 illustrates how one project (Vientiane Urban Infrastructure and Services Project) gives the community very wide latitude in decision making on subprojects that directly affect them and how the CDD features were applied in the process.
Table 6: Modes of Application of CDD Features in ADB Projects CDD Feature
Mode of Application
Example Project
Increasing income/ food security/improving
Central Region Livelihood Improvement
agricultural productivity of households
Project in Viet Nam
Establishing/rehabilitating basic community
Third Provincial Towns and Water Supply
infrastructure, usually through access roads
and Sanitation Project in Viet Nam
and water and sanitation Increasing community access to information
Poor Farmers’ Income Improvement through Innovation Project in Indonesia
Raising awareness of rights and obligations to Sindh Rural Development Project in enable communities to participate more
Pakistan
Community focus
actively in local government decision making Holding government officials accountable and Gender Equality and Empowerment of increase their gender responsiveness
Women in Nepal
Building community capacity to rehabilitate
Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management
and manage natural resources
Project Phase II in Indonesia
Building community capacity to assess its
Rural Infrastructure Support Project in
needs, establish community development plan, Indonesia and design appropriate subproject to meet these needs Project managers validating preconceived
Punjab Community Water Supply and
projects with the community
Sanitation Project in Pakistan
Project managers designing projects based on
Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and
inputs from the community
Sanitation Project in Viet Nam
Identification of subprojects by the
Northern Community-Managed Irrigation
community itself
Sector Project in Lao PDR
Participatory planning
Facilitation of comprehensive community
Development of Poor Urban Communities
assessment and planning
Sector Project in the Philippines
Community designing subprojects that it
Rural Infrastructure Support Project in
chooses based on its own assessment of its
Indonesia
needs Community preparing the project proposal for Vientiane Urban Infrastructure and the subproject that they have chosen
Services Project in Lao PDR
Beneficiaries providing counterpart for
Conflict Affected Areas Rehabilitation
construction and/or operation and
Project in Sri Lanka
maintenance of subproject
Community
Communities taking charge of operation and
Punjab Community Water Supply and
involvement in
maintenance of subproject
Sanitation Project in Pakistan
implementation
Community organizations being formed to
Rural Infrastructure Support Project in
implement activities in their development plan Indonesia and/or subprojects identified by them Community managing funds provided by the
Rural Infrastructure Support Project in
project to either support community activities
Indonesia
in their development plan or to construct a subproject facility
Community control of Community collecting and managing funds Punjab Community Water Supply and
resources
from user fees from the subproject
Sanitation Project in Pakistan
Members of community groups obtaining
Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter
loans from microcredit funds provided by
Sector Project in Indonesia
project Project managers providing communities with Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and reports on progress of project in their village
Livelihood Project in Nepal
Project managers conducting dialogue with
Small Towns Development Sector Project in
community members at stages of the
Lao PDR
Community-based
subproject in order to obtain feedback
monitoring and
Community monitoring work on subprojects
Poor Farmers’ Income Improvement
evaluation
to ensure compliance with project guidelines
through Innovation Project in Indonesia
Community monitoring subproject
Vientiane Urban Infrastructure and
expenditures and assessing benefits and client
Services Project in Lao PDR
satisfaction from subproject and reporting progress and expenditures to the community
ADB = Asian Development Bank; CDD = community-driven development; Lao PDR = Lao People’s Democratic Republic.
Table 7: Stages of the Village Area Improvement Process
(Vientiane Urban Infrastructure and Services Project)
Stage
Key Activities
Meet village head for organizing orientation meeting in the village.
Coordination with
Introduction and orientation of Village Area Improvement program.
village head Set up village committee. Assist village committee in developing outline village proposals.
Outline village Village committee submits outline village proposals. proposals Engineers, together with village committee, visit the sites. Reconnaissance/walkout survey for developing scope of work for surveys.
Village project, Present preliminary designs and cost estimates to village committee and villagers. commitment and
Villagers and village committee review options and select preferred options of the village selection
within the budget. Draft village agreement on village contributions. Carry out village agreement signing ceremony.
Develop contract packages. Develop payment schedule.
Detailed design Prepare bidding documents and technical specifications. Present final designs and cost estimates to village committee. Village committee confirms that designs meet their requirements. Bid opening and evaluation takes place.
Bidding process Hold negotiations with reasonable lowest-price bidder. and contract award Carry out contract signing ceremony with contractor.
Construction Give notice to commencement of contract works.
supervision Mobilize construction team. Supervise construction in coordination with village committee. Issue completion certificate.
Source: Best Practice Sustainable Urban Region Development in Lao PDR (In press).