37 ability in mastering English elliptical construction. In fact, if someone do a research
without using any technique of collecting the data, it will be impossible to complete the analysis.
3.4 Data Collection Procedure
According to Wikipedia, “Data is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables; restated, pieces of data are individual pieces of information. Data is
measured, collected and reported, and analyzed, where upon it can be visualized using graphs or images.” It means that data is instrument for researcher to measure,
reported and analyzed to be information in answering questions of problem and making conclusion and suggestion.
Based on the explanation above, library research was done to find the theory of ability and grammar in compiling information of data related of literature. Then,
field research was done when collecting data from “Bimbel Medica” for analyzing the learners’ ability.
In analyzing the problem, some baseline data was needed that represent learner’s ability by giving them a grammar test. It was done by the grade IX of
“Bimbel Medica” learners by giving them 30 questions of multiple choice. In scoring the test, it was given one point for one question. So, there are 30 questions which are
conducted in 60 minutes. It was enough because Lado 1961:20 says, “We must test in one hour what has been learned in a month or a year or five years”.
Then, the researcher arranged the test as follows : 1. Test on the use of positive elliptical, number 1-10 in multiple choice
2. Test on the use of negative elliptical , number 11-20 in multiple choice
38 3. Test on the use of opposite ellipitical, number 21-30 in multiple choice
In this research, the test had been given to them which should be filled by thirty learners who were selected at random. After doing the test, the answer-sheets
were collected.
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the baseline data, several steps were used to analyze the data
as follow :
1. First, scoring the pre test and post test with use the formula of Nurkancana and
Sumartana 1986 as follow :
N =
�′ � .�
. 100 N : The outcomes of the learners’ answer
X’ : The result of correct answer X : The number of learners
Y : The number of question
In finding the average level of learners competency, the researcher categorizes the score into five levels, they are as follows:
Excellent 90-100
Very Good 80-89
Good 70-79
Bad 60-69
Very Bad 0-59
39 2.
Then, the list of data was reconstituted the composition of list from the highest to the smallest score. It was needed to tabulate the scores of each student firstly. In
scoring the test, the researcher used the formula of Nurkancana and Sumartana 1986 as follow :
� =
R N
In which: X = Individual score
R = The number of correct answers N = Number of questions
3. Then, it is needed to find the percentage of number of learners get score
≥ 60, number of learners get score 60 and also to find the percentage of the
classification of the learners’ ability in answering the test will be calculated by using some formulas of Sudijono 1991:41 as follows:
First, find out the mean score of the learners’ ability in mastering English elliptical sentences, it was calculated by using this following formula:
� �
=
∑� � ∑�
In which: �� = The average level of the learners
∑ �� = The total of score ∑ � = The total of learners
40 After that, find the percentage of the classification of the learners’ ability in
answering the test will be calculated by using the formula
P=
� �
x 100 In which:
P = percentage f = number of frequency
n = Total numbers of respondents 4.
To categorize the level of the learners’ ability of mastering English elliptical
construction, the following scale is used:
Table 3.1 Learners’ Score Range in “Bimbel Medica”
Adapted from KKM Minimum
Standard Scores of English
subject Categories
Score
Excellent 90-100
Very Good 80-89
Good 70-79
Bad 60-69
Very Bad 0-59
41
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
