It has worked
The passive forms of the present perfect tense using the verb to hit as an example are as follows:
Singular Plural
1
st
person I have been hit
We have been hit 2
nd
person You have been hit
You have been hit 3
rd
person He has been hit
She has been hit It has been hit
They have been hit
NOTE : A passive sentence can be used when it consists transitive verbs.
C. The Usage of the Present Perfect tense
Betty S. Azar said, “the present perfect expresses the idea that something happened or never happened before now, at an unspecified time in the past. The
exact time it happened is not important. If the is a specific mention of time, the simple past is used.
19
She also said, “the present perfect also expresses the repetition of an activity before now. The exact time of each repetition is not important. “e.g: We have had
four driver test this semester. The present perfect tense lays stress upon the completion of an action at the
time when the speaker expresses the thought. Like the present tense, the present perfect has extended its meanings and functions somewhat beyond the perfection of
an act in the present. It may indicate any of the following time meanings: 1.
An act just completed, often with the help of an accompanying modifier: Example : I have this very minute finished reading your note
19
Betty S. Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar…, p.29
At last, you two have found each other 2. An action beginning in the past and continuing into the future:
Example: I have been hearing too many political speeches He has been sitting here in this chair since noon
3. An action completed at any time before the present: Example: I have bought two dresses since you got yours
20
According to English Page.Com, the concept of unspecified time can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following
topics:
1. Experience
The Present perfect used to describe your experience. It is like saying, I have the experience of... You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a
certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event. Examples:
•
I have been to France.
•
I have been to France three times.
•
I have never been to France. 2. Change over Time
The Present perfect used to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Examples:
•
You have grown since the last time I saw you.
•
The government has become more interested in arts education.
•
Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since
the Asian studies program was established.
•
My English has really improved since I moved to Australia
20
Susan Emolyn Harman, Descriptive English Grammar, Prentice Hall, Inc 1990. p.120
3. Accomplishments
The Present perfect used to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.
Examples:
•
Man has walked on the Moon.
•
Our son has learned how to read.
•
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
•
Scientists have split the atom. 4. An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
The Present perfect often used to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to
happen. Examples:
•
James has not finished his homework yet.
•
Susan hasnt mastered Japanese, but she can communicate. 5. Multiple Actions at Different Times
The Present perfect also used to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not
complete and more actions are possible. Examples:
•
The army has attacked that city five times.
•
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
•
We have had many major problems while working on this project.
Marcella Frank in Modern English said, “The present perfect tense represents time that begin in the past and extends to the present, either in actual fact or in the mind of
the speaker. It is not used with definite time words like “yesterday and last year”.
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The kinds of time words that express past to – present time are: a. Since or for:
Example: I have lived here for three years or I have lived here since 1979. b. So far, Up to now, Up to present:
Example:We have had no trouble with our television set so far or up to now c. Frequency words: always, never, ever, often, sometimes, occasionally.
Example: He has always lived in this town or this is the best book I have ever read.
J.B. Alter said, “The present perfect tense of the verb is used to show an action that happened only a short time ago. The word ‘just’ is used to show this. And the
time expression is not mentioned in sentences in the present perfect tense. “ e.g.: My father has just washed his car.
22
A.J Thomson and A.V Martinet said, “this tense may be used to be a sort of mixture of present and past. It always implies a string connection with the present
and is chiefly used in conversation, letter, newspaper and television and radio reports.
23
From the discussion above that present perfect focused on the action that happened in the past but related to the present moment. It is used commonly to show
that the action has just been completed, or at least the effect of the action is still felt at the moment of speaking.
21
Marcella Frank, Modern English: Exercise for non – native speakers, part I: parts of speech New Jersey: Prentice hall. Inc.1972
22
J.B. Alter, Guided English Skills primary I, Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara, 1991, 1
st
ed. P.106
23
A. J Thomson Martinet, A Practical English…, p.166
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS
A. Research Methodology 1. Object of the Research
SMEA SMK PUSPITA BANGSA Ciputat students are divided into three grades. They are the first grade or class A, the second grade or class B and the third
class or C. The writer took the third class at the object of the research.
2. Place and time
The writer decided to the research at SMEA SMK Puspita Bangsa Ciputat which is located on Jl. Aria Putra, No.9 Ciputat. He did this research from 26
th
up to February 29
th
2008. SMK SMEA Puspita Bangsa has two kinds of expertise, which is: Business and Management and also Tourism. There are 16 theoritical classes for
teaching and learning activities and also 5 practical classes for students practical activities which are : front office room, secretary room, accountant room, house
keeping room and serving room. There 14 facilities in the school, which are as follows :
1. Third floor building
2. Air conditioner room
3. Language lab.
4. Computer and internet lab.
5. Music studio.
6. Small hotel.
7. Sales lab .
8. Kitchen room
9. Musholla
10. Sport facilities : Futsal
Volleyball Basket ball Badminton
Here are the school management:
