singular noun e.g, Frederick Mrs Franz. With pronouns, have is contracted to apostrophe + ve ‘ve and has to apostrophe + s ‘s.
18
b. Negative 1. To make a negative of the verb other than be we use the following
formula:
Example: Subject
have has + not V3
I have not
finished my assignment
The students have not
passed The test
Anna has not
watched the scary movie
Mrs. Franz has not
slept
2. To make a negative of the verb be, we use the following formula:
Example: Subject
have has + not been
substantive Carl’s dog
has not been
dissapear For a week
I have not
been absent
for 2 days They
have not been
in school since 6.30
Frederick has not
been to Germany
this week
C. Interrogative: 1 To make an interrogative of the verb other than be we put have has
before the subject. The following formula:
Example: Have has
subject been
substantive
18
Betty S. Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1989, p.161
S + have has + not + V3 + …..
S + have has + not + been + Substantive Adverb of place + …
Have has + S + V3 + ……..
Have I
been absent
for 2 days ? Has
Carl’s dog been
dissapear for a week ?
Have They
been In school
since 6.30? Has
Frederick been
to Germany this week?
2. To make an negative interrogative of verb be, we put haven’t hasn’t before the
subject. The formula is
Example: Have has
subject been
substantive Hasn’t
Carl’s dog been
dissapear for a week?
Haven’t I
been absent
for 2 days? Haven’t
They been
in school since 6.30?
Hasn’t Frederick
been to Germany
this week ?
3 To make an negative interrogative of verb other than be, we use the formula:
Example: Haven’t hasn’t
Subject V3
Hasn’t Mrs. Franz
slept? Haven’t
They passed
the test? Haven’t
I finished
my assignment? Hasn’t
Anna watched
the scary movie? The active forms of the present perfect tense using the verb to work as an
example are as follows:
Singular Plural
1
st
person I have worked
We have worked 2
nd
person You have worked
You have worked 3
rd
person He has worked
She has worked They have worked
Haven’t hasn’t + S + been + Substantive adverb of place + ……
Haven’t hasn’t + S + V3 + …
It has worked
The passive forms of the present perfect tense using the verb to hit as an example are as follows:
Singular Plural
1
st
person I have been hit
We have been hit 2
nd
person You have been hit
You have been hit 3
rd
person He has been hit
She has been hit It has been hit
They have been hit
NOTE : A passive sentence can be used when it consists transitive verbs.
C. The Usage of the Present Perfect tense
