Significance of the Study

the vocabulary of Applied Linguistics. In other words, most technical words occur only in one specialized area. Technical words are very important for anyone who specializes in a particular area such as a doctor, linguist, educationalist and etc. The number of technical words would seem at least 20 of the running words of technical words. d. Low frequency words. These words do not often occur in daily use and can be found in friendly conversation about 5, in newspaper about 10, and in academic text about 10. In addition, these words have a narrow scope; so that the uses of these words are rarely found. 6 Different with Nation, Haycraft in Vocabulary Semantics and Language Education classifies the vocabulary in two kinds, namely receptive vocabulary and productive vocabulary: 1. Receptive vocabulary is words which come in a context that students recognize and understand in reading and listening, but they cannot produce those words perfectly. 2. Productive vocabulary is words which students understand of those words then they can pronounce and use correctly in speaking and writing. 7 Read mentions two kinds of vocabulary, those are: a. Function words. These words can be seen in grammatical aspects, such as articles, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, auxiliaries, etc. b. Content words. These words modify the meaning and provide links to the sentences. The kinds of these words are noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. 8 Those are kinds of vocabulary according to some language experts. Although they have classified vocabulary in different kinds, the important things 6 I. S. P. Nation, Teaching Vocabulary: Strategies and Techniques, Boston: Heinle Cengage Learning, 2008, pp. 7 —14. 7 Evelyn Hatch and Cheryl Brown, Vocabulary, Semantics and Language Education, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995, p 370. 8 John Read, Assessing Vocabulary, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 18. is how language learners can learn and apply those vocabularies in some contexts so that the meaning of texts can be achieved.

3. Vocabulary Learning

To have many vocabularies needs some practice and techniques in reaching that. Therefore, many language experts introduce how vocabulary can be learnt effectively. Hatch and Brown identify vocabulary learning in two kinds; those are intentional learning and incidental learning. a. Intentional learning can be said that learning vocabulary is done in class by students and teacher also by planning and designing materials. 9 In other words, teachers teach the vocabulary to students, and then all students are asked to remember the words. Some of the linguists state that learning words in bilingual vocabulary list can be the act of intentional learning. b. Incidental learning can be described that students learn language in order to communicative purposes and it provides double advantages for time used. 10 When students learn vocabulary incidentally, they can save their time because they can get vocabulary unconsciously. One of the ways to learn vocabulary incidentally can be done by extensive reading. There are other ways to learn vocabulary that can facilitate learners: 1. Associate meanings of words together 2. Use picture or diagram 3. Classify word by word class and 4. Write synonym or antonym of words that have been found. 11 In vocabulary learning, it is hoped that students can improve their vocabulary size. It can be said that there are so many size of vocabulary that has been mentioned by linguists. According to Bauer, there are 2000 set of words that is used to explain the words in The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary 9 Evelyn Hatch and Cheryl Brown, op cit, p. 368. 10 Norbert Schmitt, Vocabulary in Language Teaching, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 120. 11 Michael McCarthy and Felicity O’Dell, English Vocabulary in Use, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994, p. 6.