F. Technique of Collecting Data
1. Observation
The first thing of collecting data that was done by the writer was observation. The writer observed the school by meeting with the headmaster
and the English teacher of second grade in this school. Then, the writer asked about English class, the situation, the condition, and students when
they were studying English. 2.
Test After the writer observing and selecting the instrument that was suitable for
students, it was the time to select data from samples. In this section of collecting data, the students were asked to take vocabulary and reading test.
Testing was conducted in a same day. First test was vocabulary that provided time about 40 minutes and the second was reading test by the same
time about 40 minutes. Students must answer 20 questions that were provided in vocabulary and reading test.
H. Technique of Analyzing Data
In analyzing data the writer used Pearson Product Moment. Pearson Product Moment is a technique that was created by Karl Pearson and this technique is
often used to find the correlation between two variables.
3
This is the formula of Pearson Product Moment:
4
=
∑ ∑ ∑ √{ ∑
∑ }{ ∑
∑ }
In which: correlation of the score of each item
N = the number of the subject ∑ score in each item
∑ from each subject ∑
= the sum of the square of the total score in each item
3
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2010, p, 190
4
Ibid., p. 206.
∑ = the sum of the square of the total score from each subject
∑ the sum of the multiple of the score from each subject with total score.
The next step was to test the significance of the variables in order to know the meaning of the correlation between variable X and Y. Therefore, the result of
PPM was tested by formula of to =
√ √
.
5
In which: to = t value
r = the result of correlation coefficient n = number of sample
Then, to know how many contributions of the dependent variable to independent variable, it can be known by this formula: KP =
x 100.
6
In which: KP
= value of determinant coefficient r
= value of correlation coefficient
I. Statistic Hypothesis
In the correlational research, the statistic hypothesis can be stated as follows:
Ha: ro rt Ho: ro rt
ro = the result of Pearson Product Moment rt = r table Pearson Product Moment Table
Ha: The alternative hypothesis is accepted, means that there is correlation between students’ mastery in vocabulary and their reading comprehension.
Ho: The null hypothesis is accepted, means that there is no correlation between students’ mastery in vocabulary and their reading comprehension.
5
Riduwan and Sunarto, Pengantar Statistika: untuk Penelitian Pendidikan, Sosial, Ekonomi, Komunikasi dan Bisnis, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011, p. 81
6
Ibid.
31
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
A.
The Description of Data
As the purpose of this research, to know the correlation between students’ mastery in vocabulary and reading comprehension of descriptive text, the writer
used the quantitative research by the correlational method. Therefore, calculations of statistic were needed.
The instrument of this research was two kinds of test; vocabulary and reading test. Both of these tests consisted of 20 questions, so the sample was
asked to take both of these tests. Then, after conducting the research for 30 students as the sample, the writer got the result of vocabulary and reading test. For
each question, the writer gave value 5 for correct answer and 0 for wrong answer. These are the result of both tests:
Table 4.1 Student’s Vocabulary Score
Student X
1 40
2 55
3 60
4 70
5 45
6 60
7 75
8 70
9 55
10 65
11 70
12 80
13 50
14 45
15 65
16 95
17 75
18 70
19 55
20 30
21 70
22 75
23 70
24 65
25 75
26 65
27 70
28 90
29 70
30 85
N= 30 ∑= 1965
From that table, the lowest score of vocabulary test was 30 and the highest score was 95. Then, the mean score of this test was 65.5.
Table 4.2 Student’s Reading Score
Student Y
1 45
2 55
3 95
4 90
5 50
6 70
7 65
8 90
9 50
10 85
11 70
12 95
13 55
14 40
15 75
16 90
17 85
18 80
19 50
20 55
21 75
22 60
23 65
24 70
25 75
26 60
27 75
28 100
29 70
30 80
N= 30 ∑= 2120
Based on the above table, the lowest score of reading test was 40 and the highest score was 100. The mean score of this test was 70.6.
B. The Data Analysis
Having finished the quantitative research by using vocabulary test and reading comprehension test, the writer used statistic calculation of the Pearson
Product Moment Formula to analyze the data of both tests. To make easier, the writer made a table with six columns; those were No, X, Y, X
2
, Y
2
, and XY. Column X was for vocabulary score of the sample, column Y was for
reading score of the sample, column X
2
was for quadrate of each score in column X, column Y
2
was quadrate for each score in column Y, and column XY was for the result of multiplying score X and Y.
These were the table of the above explanations:
Table 4.3 The Result of Pearson Product Moment
Student X
Y X
2
Y
2
XY
1 40
45 1600
2025 1800
2 55
55 3025
3025 3025
3 60
95 3600
9025 5700
4 70
90 4900
8100 6300
5 45
50 2025
2500 2250
6 60
70 3600
4900 4200
7 75
65 5625
4225 4875
8 70
90 4900
8100 6300
9 55
50 3025
2500 2750
10 65
85 4225
7225 5525
11 70
70 4900
4900 4900
12 80
95 6400
9025 7600
13 50
55 2500
3025 2750
14 45
40 2025
1600 1800
15 65
75 4225
5625 4875
16 95
90 9025
8100 8550
17 75
85 5625
7225 6375
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