Description of Errors Error Analysis
Interlingual errors are similar in structure to an equivalent phrase or sentence in the learners‟ native language. It also be said that this error occurs
because the learners‟ native language does not have the same rules of the target
language has, but the learner applies the rules of their native language into target language.
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“In interlingual transfer, the sound system and the grammar of the first language impose the learner on the new language and this leads to a „foreign‟
pronunciation, faulty grammatical patterns and the wrong choice of vocabulary”.
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b. Intralingual Transfer
Errors results from the faulty or partial learning. It occurs as a result of learner‟s attempt to build up concepts about the target language from the limited
experience with it. c.
Induced Errors. It refers to learner‟s error that result more from the classroom situation.
Therefore, this error seems natural. Another theory based on Brown, he almost has the same theory with
James about the causes of error. Brown classifies that there are four categories of cause of error; they are interlingual transfer, intralingual transfer, and context of
learning.
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Context of learning means that the social situation or the school that takes place in learning process can lead to the source of error. In the classroom context
for example, the teacher or the book can lead the learner to make an error in accepting the concepts.
While Hubbard et al. distinguishes the sources of error into three parts:
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a. Mother Tongue Interference
The sound system phonology and the grammar of the first language impose the learners on the new language and this leads to a „foreign‟
17
Dulay. Et al., op cit., p. 171.
18
Peter Hubbard, A Training Course for TEFL, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983, p. 140.
19
H. Douglas Brown, Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 2
nd
edition, New York: Pearson Education, 1987, p. 177 - 179.
pronunciation, faulty grammatical pattern and, frequently, the wrong choice of vocabulary.
b. Overgeneralization
The mentalist theory claims that errors are inevitable because they reflect various stages in the language development of the learners. It claims that the
learner processes new language data in herhis mind and produces rules for its production, based on the evidence.
c. The Teaching Process
The teaching process also can contribute to the students ‟ errors.
According to those who support behaviorism theory, error is evidence of failure, of ineffective teaching or lack of control. If materials well chosen, graded, and
presented with meticulous care, there should never be any error. From some theories above the writer use
s Brown‟s theory. There are three causes; interlingual transfer, intralingual transfer, and context of learning.