The Technique of Data Analysis Checking of Data Validity
As object of a preposition 13
10 5.6
As direct object of certain verbs
15 17
9.5 As object of a preposition
19 5
2.8
2 Infinitive
As direct object of certain verbs
2 3
1.7 Adjectives followed by
infinitives 4
8 4.5
Adjectives followed by infinitives
7 3
1.7 As direct object of certain
verbs 9
6 3.4
Adjectives followed by infinitives
12 17
9.5 As direct object of certain
verbs 14
2 1.1
Infinitive as subjective complement
16 22
12.3 Infinitive as subjective
complement 17
16 9
As direct object of certain verbs
18 9
5 Infinitive as subjective
complement 20
8 4.5
TOTAL 20
178 100
Based on the table above, it could be seen that the number of errors made by the students in using gerund and to infinitive was 178 errors. After calculating
the number of errors, then the writer would like to describe in details about types of errors committed by the students in using gerund and to infinitive. The
classification of types of errors will be shown in the following table:
Table 4.2 Description of Students Error in
Omission Item
Number Students
Error Recognition
Error Classification
Correction
6 5
Bob finished
studing at
midnight Omission of
spelling y Bob finished
studying at midnight
20 8
15 11
They discussed
geting a
new house Omission of
spelling t They discussed
getting a new house
17 14
Her dream
is win the
match Omission of
spelling to
Her dream is to win
the match
12 24
Maria always
speeds on the
expressway. Shes certain
get stopped
by the police
Omission of spelling to
Maria always speeds on the expressway.
Shes certain to get
stopped by the police
Based on the table 4.2 above, the most errors committed by the students is in number 6 gerund as direct object of certain verbs with 3 students. It happened
because the students did not know the rules in changing gerund form, so they just added
–ing after the verb “study”. The same case also happened in item number 15, the word
“get” is added –ing without paying attention to the rules how to change base word into gerund form. In the next item number 17 and 12, the
students‟ also omit “to” in changing the verbs into “to infinitive”. That type of errors is known as omission.
Table 4.3 Description of Students Error in
Addition Item
Number Students
Error Recognition
Error Classification
Correction
1 27
Rideing horses
is fun Addition of
spelling e
Riding horses is
fun 30
Based on the table 4.3 above, there are only two errors committed by the students in types of errors addition in number 1 gerund as a subject of a
sentence. It happened because the students confused whether he or she should omit spelling e in
“ride” or not when it is changed into gerund form.
Table 4.4 Description of Students Error in
Misformation
Item Number
Students Error
Identification Error
Classification Error Correction
1 Student 10
to ride
horses is fun
Riding horses is fun Student 23
Misformation Student 29
2 Student 7
Tom offered
lending me some
money Misformation
Tom offered to lend me some money
Student 22 Student 11
Tom offered to lent
me some money
3 Student 1
Bill apologized for
to interrupt me
Misformation Bill apologized for
interrupting me Student 3
Student 5 Student 6
Student 7 Student 13
Student 15 Student 16
Student 17 Student 18
Student 19 Student 23