The 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology, and Humanity ISSN: 2477-3328
222
characteristics, typical questionsproblems, and adequate real sample that should be referred to by groups in the next meeting and explained them one by one.
Before the class was ended, as usual, the students were invited to draw a conclusion. They looked reluctant to perform it, even the teacher should encourage more. The only student spoke
up was the leader of the presenting group, even though this student just repeated after the teacher. The class was ended with a recommendation for a better next presentation and
participation.
In the research group discussion, the teacher proposed a suggestion to give the audiences a chance to discuss within their own groups about the material and performance of the
presenting group. This was meant to maximize the response. It was approved. The colleague suggested that the teacher should instruct the students to mention hisher name while raising
hands. This was intended to encourage them to give responses and avoid the domination of better achievers.
d. Lesson 4
The causal-comparative research groups were assigned to present their works on this time occasion. Overally, the class condition was the same as the previous lesson. The only thing
different was that the audience looked more focused and attentive when the presentation was carried out and active when the QA session was conducted. It might be due to the previous
information that they were given chance to have their group discussion before the QA session. Nearly all students actively participated in the discussions and criticized the presenting groups
for approximately 10 minutes.
Figure 4. The audience discussions before the QA session.
Quantitatively, the number of audience students that gave responses remained relatively the same; however, the responses contributed were more qualified. Not only questions, they
were able to deliver comments or critiques and even arguments in English. This probably meant that the students were accustomed to the reasoning, critical thinking, and scientific ideas.
The 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology, and Humanity ISSN: 2477-3328
223
Figure 5. A student critically criticized the presenting group.
In response to the “attack” received, the leader of the presenting group addressed a qualified counter-attack. But, again, the performance imbalance among the group members was
remained unchanged. In a group consisting of four to six members, only one or two showed an adequate mastery of the material.
Figure 6.
A presenter addressed a “counter-attack”.
It indicated that the group-work was not optimal in preparing the session. The provision of each individual in giving responses could be regarded as a reflection of how the group had
prepared themselves for a presentation. If each individual had participated enough, there would not have been understanding or information gap among the members.
After feedback was given by the teacher and a conclusion was made, the class was ended. They were also reminded to make a better preparation another time.
The 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology, and Humanity ISSN: 2477-3328
224 e.
Lesson 5 In this lesson, the students positioned themselves without any instruction. The teacher
made a little joke just to reduce the tension by calling the groups in the classroom as delegates from different parts of the globe.
The teacher gave an opportunity to all students to share their problems while making preparation. However, none of the students took a chance. The teacher assumed that the students
had found their way better at last. Therefore, he randomly chose the “Classroom Action Research” group to make presentation. This time, the teacher instructed the class that they
would be given chance to prepare responses. They were also recalled to mention their name before they were allowed to give response. Overall, the presenting groups seemed more
prepared than the previous ones. Both groups paid attention to each other’s presentation. Besides showing better interest in speaking up, they had more frequent eye-contact with the
audiences as well.
Figure 7. Two presenting groups shared a good performance.
They also looked calm in their presentations. In terms of material and presentation technique, both presentations were better, i.e. covering more comprehensive and
understandable material, though they were still highly theoretical and conceptual. In line with the increased quality of material and presentation, the audience’s participation was also
increased. Audience became more attentive and pre-QA session discussion went on very seriously. Some even spoke in English when having discussion for responses.
The 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology, and Humanity ISSN: 2477-3328
225
Figure 8. Pre-QA session discussions for feedback.
When QA session was begun, more students between 6 and 7 raised hand. Two of them gave more than one responses. A student criticised and suggested that the presenters’ comment
upon material from an article or research report, hence, it was something empirical instead of theoretical. The question was qualified. A student asked the maximum number of cycles in a
classroom action research. Discussion created in this lesson was very serious, similar to the previous lesson. The difference was that in this session, more students get involved in the QA
session and new “players” came up. Out of 7 seven students who got chance to deliver feedback, only 1 obtained score B, the rest deserved A.
From QA session, it was revealed that the presenting group had a misunderstanding. For example, a presenter stated that the role of a collaborator in a classroom action research was to
sit for a classroom observation. This statement could be misleading, as the classroom observation is done only when a lesson is going on. A research collaborator to some extent
shares responsibility within the group.
Figure 9. The atmosphere of the research class learning process.
The 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology, and Humanity ISSN: 2477-3328
226
There was a problem in relation with the individual performance. The members of the presenting group had unevenly performance during the session, especially when giving
response to the audiences. Among the 12 students who were the members of the presenting groups, grouponly three of them gave significant r
esponses. It indicated that the groups’ preparation was not maximum. However, in overall, the student participation in the lesson had
a high progress. After a little feedback from the teacher, the lesson was ended. Soon after the class was
over, a discussion with the colleague was held. From the discussion, it was agreed that entirely, the students’ participation in the class had improved. It was made possible by doing adjustment
in the implementation of GI from lesson to lesson. In the discussion, the colleagues suggested that in the next lesson, the presenting groups would be given an opportunity to share their
material for a moment in order to achieve well-organised presentation and to avoid an overlap. It was assumed that the next lesson would be the last and after that a quiz to assess the mastery
of the learning material would be administered. f.
Lesson 6 In this lesson, the students seemed to get accustomed to the condition. They took a seat
and mingled. The teacher asked if they still had problems in preparing the material for presentation. Only two of them raised hands. Having listened to while giving feedback to them,
the teacher let the students sit with their group. As usual, they sat in circles. The teacher told the class that today’s presenting groups was “Correlational Study” groups. The teacher
instructed the audiences to pay attention as the session for discussion was available later. Both groups were given opportunity to share for a while.
Entering the presentation time, in overall, both groups seemed to show adequate mastery of the material, less impression in having other activities, and in contrast, more attention to the
students who had a presentation, as well as the absence of reliance on texts and slides.
Figure 10. One of the good presenting groups.
Both groups performed relatively successful. After the presentation, the audiences were given 10 minutes to discuss within their own groups to make a response for the presenting
groups. The teacher monitored the discussions and gave necessary feedback.
The 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology, and Humanity ISSN: 2477-3328
227
Figure 11.
The students’ enthusiasm to give responses.
Some students seemed enthusiastic in giving response to the presentation. One of them was a new “face”. Both groups at the front gave “counter attack” to any “attack” from the
audiences. However, as ever before, the members in the presenting groups did not distribute the performance evenly.
From the questionnaire administered at the end of the Lesson Study, several findings have emerged. First, in relation with randomized topic for group presentation item no. 1 out of 16
sample students, 1γ gave positive response to the use of lottery. A student commentedμ “In my opinion, it is good, as it is the fairest way”. For presentation turn taking item no. β, there were
two opinions. Approximately 50 of the students stated that on the spot choice for the presenting groups was the appropriate step . A student wroteμ “... it encourages all groups to be
ready for presentation”. The other 50 gave negative comments, such as to cause the tension in the class.
In relation with effectiveness item no. 3, as many as 14 students gave positive responses. A student notedμ “.... more challenge to learn and master the material”. In the meanwhile, in
regard with presentation intelligibility, five students stated they had not understood the other groups’ presentation. It was likely that most groups did not maximize the member participation
in preparing the material and presentation. Result of mid-term test indicated that the average score only reached 51.2. Around fifteen
percent of the students achieved “Good” scores. The majority 7β.7 of the students obtained scores considered as “moderate”. The rest, 1β.7, were categorized to “Poor”. This means that,
in overall, the students’ material mastery was still unsatisfactory. From the questionnaires, it can be explained that some students did not understand the other groups’ presentation due to
the complexity. Observations also indicated the students’ shortage in preparation for the presentation, especially in the beginning. However, the problem has gradually disappeared.
3.2. Discussion
