Maani 'anna al-istiphamiyah fil qur'an al-karim dirasah balaghiyah nahwiyah

‫ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬
‫)ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ(‬
‫ﲝﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱄ)‪(S.S‬‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﻗﺮﺿﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪۱۰۷۰۲۱۰۰٠٤٤٦ :‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‬
‫‪ ٢۰۱۱‬ﻡ‪ ١٤٣٣ /‬ﻫـ‬

‫ﺃ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺄﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫‪.١‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪-‬ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪-‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﻝ ﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻗﺮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪-‬ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪ ٥ ،‬ﺩﲰﱪ ‪ ٢٠١١‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﻗﺮﺿﺎﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺏ‬

‫ﺝ‬

‫ﲡﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﻗﺮﺿﺎﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﱏ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻼﻏﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﳓﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺸﺊ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻫﻰ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ " ﻣﻌﺎﱏ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻭﳓﻮﻳﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﱏ‬
‫"ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ .‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻘﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﱮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬
‫ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ "ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﲝﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ"‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻭﻣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪٢٢٣‬‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٢٤٧‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٢٥٩‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻣﱴ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٣٧‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٤٠‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٤٧‬ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ١٦٥‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٧٥‬ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٩٥‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ١٠١‬ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٣٠‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٣٢‬ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺩ‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٣٤‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٨‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٢٠‬ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٨٩‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻜﺒﻮﺕ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪٦١‬‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺀ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٥٢‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﺮ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٣‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٦٦‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٦‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٦٢‬ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٦٩‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺧﺮﻑ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٨٧‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ١٣‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ١٨‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪ ٤‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪٢٣‬‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺍﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪) .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ(‬
‫ﻓﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﲤﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫"ﻣﻌﺎﱏ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻭﳓﻮﻳﺔ" ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﺸﺮﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬

‫)‪(S1‬ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻔﻀﻠﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﰱ‬

‫ﻭ‬

‫‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﰱ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﻧﺪﻭﺱ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺃﺩﺍﻧﺞ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺳﻜﺮﻳﺘﲑﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﻬﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻣﲔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ )‪(LIPIA‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺗﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﲦﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺷﻜﺮﺍ ﺟﺰﻳﻼ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﺍ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺎ ﻭﲢﻴﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﳛﺘﺮﻡ ﰱ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﺭﲪﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﻰ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺑﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺯ‬

‫ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺪﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺻﻐﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺈﲤﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ ﺟﺰﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳋﺘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﻋﻮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺰﻳﻬﻢ ﺟﺰﺍﺀﺍ ﻭﺍﻓﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﻟﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪ ٥ ،‬ﺩﲰﱪ ‪ ٢٠١١‬ﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬

‫)ﺃﲪﺪ ﻗﺮﺿﺎﻭﻱ(‬

‫ﺡ‬

‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ‪ ..........................................‬ﺃ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ .........................................‬ﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪ .....................‬ﺝ‬
‫ﲡﺮﻳﺪ ‪ ...................................................‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ‪ ............................................‬ﻭ‬
‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪ .........................................‬ﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪١ .............................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٤ ............................................‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٤ .......................................‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٥ ............................................‬‬
‫ﻩ‪ .‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٥ ..............................................‬‬
‫ﻁ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‬
‫ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪٧ .............................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪١١ ..........................................‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪١٥ ..........................................‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ‪١٧ ..................‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ ‪١٩ ....................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻴﲔ ‪٢٠ ..................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ‪٢١ .........................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻣﻌﺎﱏ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ‪٢٩ ....................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺑﻼﻏﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ‪٣٧ ....................................‬‬
‫ﻱ‬

‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﲔ ‪٣٩ ..................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ‪٤٠ ..........................‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﱏ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﱏ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ‪٤٦ ........................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﱏ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ‪٥٢ ........................................‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪٦٧ ....................‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻼﻏﺔ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪١٠٢ .....................‬‬
‫ﻩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪١٠٥ .................‬‬

‫ﻙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﲤﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪١١٧ ............................. .................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ‪١١٩ .............................................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ‪١٢٠ ......................................................‬‬

‫ﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﻌﻮﺙ ﺭﲪﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺠﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﳉﻦ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﺍ‬
‫ﲟﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻪ ﻓﺒﺎﺋﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺠﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ) ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ‪١٤١٢‬ﻫــ ‪-‬‬
‫‪١٩٩٢‬ﻡ ( ﺹ‪٧ :‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻣﺰ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﻣﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺒﺖ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﻘﺎﺀﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺂﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻟﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺼﻬﺮﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺭﻕ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺰﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻳﻌﱪ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺿﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻟـــﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺜﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪٢‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻮ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩ :‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪١٩٧٢ ،‬ﻡ( ﺹ‪٧ :‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﹼﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻓﻼﺑﺪﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻌﻠﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺊ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺱ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﲢﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﱏ " ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻼﻏﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳓﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻓﻬﻰ ‪(١ :‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ (٢ ،‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻻﺑﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ "ﺃﱏ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ "ﺃﱏ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪(١‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪(٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﱏ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ" ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‪:‬‬
‫‪Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fakultas‬‬
‫‪Adab dan Humaniora UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH‬‬
‫‪JAKARTA ٢٠٠٨.‬‬

‫ﻫـ‪ .‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺘﻮﻯ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻫﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘــــﺪﻣــﺔ ﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﺧـــﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‪ :‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﲢﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻴﲔ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﱏ "ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻰ"‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺊ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻴﺊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﻤﻤﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻲ ﺑﻪ )ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ( ﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺀ " ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺋﻦ " ﻷﻥ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﱏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ )ﻗﺮﺃ( ﲟﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺗﻼ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺟﺤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻔﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ) ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ‪١٤١٢‬ﻫــ ‪-‬‬
‫‪١٩٩٢‬ﻡ ( ﺹ‪١٩ :‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺃ ‪ :‬ﺗﺄﰐ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ‪ :‬ﺿﻢ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﱰﻳﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺻﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻗﺮﺃ – ﻳﻘﺮﺃ – ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ – ﻭﻗﺮﺁﻧﺎﹰ‪ ٢.‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪﴿ :‬‬
‫‪∩⊇∠∪ …çµtΡ#uöè%uρ …çµyè÷Ηsd $uΖøŠn=tã‬‬

‫)‪¨βÎ‬‬

‫‪﴾٣ ∩⊇∇∪ …çµtΡ#uöè% ôìÎ7¨?$$sù çµ≈tΡù&ts% #sŒÎ*sù‬‬

‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺮﺁﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎ ﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﳉﻤﻌﻪ ﲦﺮﺓ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬

‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪3“uŽô³ç0uρ Zπyϑômu‘uρ “Y‰èδuρ &óx« Èe≅ä3Ïj9 $YΖ≈u‹ö;Ï? |=≈tGÅ3ø9$# šø‹n=tã t$uΖø9¨“tΡuρ﴿:‬‬

‫‪٢‬ﻣﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪) ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪١٤١٤ ،‬ﻫــ ‪١٩٩٣-‬ﻡ(‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٠ :‬‬
‫‪٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ‪.١٨-١٧ :‬‬
‫‪٤‬ﻣﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠ :‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬

‫‪∩∇∪ tÏϑÎ=ó¡ßϑù=Ï9‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫﴾ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬

‫﴿‪öΝÍκÍh5u‘ 4’n