Annisa al-Ashiiyat fi-al qur'an al-karim (dirasah tafsiriyah
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ANNISÂ AL’ÂSHIYÂT FI AL-QURÂN AL-KARÎM
(DIRÂSAH TAFSÎRIYAH)
Skripsi
Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Dirosat Islamiyah
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh
Gelar Sarjana (S.S.I)
Oleh:
Yuyun Yulpiah
Nim: 107060001218
Pembimbing:
Dr. Hamka Hasan, Lc. M.A.
NIP. 197505 20200003 1 001
FAKULTAS DIROSAT ISLAMIYAH
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGRI
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
1432 H/2011M
ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ
ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ،ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ
ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻻ ﻧﱯ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪ.
ﻓﺒﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﺭﺍﺩﺗﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﺇﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ
ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ) S.S.Iﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺴﺎﻧﺲ ( ﰲ
ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ ﳍﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ
ﻣﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ.
ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺇﱃ:
.١ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ.
ﺃ
.٢ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﲪﻚ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺰﻩ ﻋﲏ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ،
ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ.
.٣ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
.٤ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ،ﻭﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﻢ ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎﺀ
ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺯﻭﺩﻭﱐ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ
ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ.ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﺳﺎﺗﺬﰐ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﱄ.
)ﺍﺎﺩﻟﺔ(١١:
†Îû (#θßs¡¡x s? öΝä3s9 Ÿ≅ŠÏ% #sŒÎ) (#þθãΖtΒ#u tÏ%©!$# $pκš‰r'¯≈tƒ.
(#ρâ“à±Σ$$sù (#ρâ“à±Σ$# Ÿ≅ŠÏ% #sŒÎ)uρ ( öΝä3s9 ª!$# Ëx|¡ø tƒ (#θßs|¡øù$$sù ħÎ=≈yfyϑ9ø $#
ª!$#uρ 4 ;M≈y_u‘yŠ zΟ=ù Ïèø9$# (#θè?ρé& tÏ%©!$#uρ öΝä3ΖÏΒ (#θãΖtΒ#u tÏ%©!$# ª!$# Æìsùötƒ
{ ×Î7yz tβθè=yϑè÷ s? $yϑ/Î
ﺏ
.٥ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﱵ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻇﻔﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻭﺻﱪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺗﺪﺑﲑ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ،ﻓﺠﺎﺯﺍﳘﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﲏ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ
* āωr& y7•/u‘ 4|Ós%uρ
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$yϑßγ©9 ≅è%uρ $yϑèδöpκ÷]s? Ÿωuρ 7e∃é& !$yϑλç °; ≅à)s? Ÿξsù $yϑδ
è ŸξÏ. ÷ρr& !$yϑδ
è ߉n
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ß s9 ôÙÏ ÷z$#uρ ∩⊄⊂∪ $VϑƒÌŸ2 Zωöθs%
) ∩⊄⊆∪ #ZÉó|¹ ’ÎΤ$u‹−/u‘ $yϑx. $yϑγß ÷Ηxqö‘$# Éb>§‘ ≅è%uρﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ(٢٤-٢٣ :
.٦ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻴﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻐﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ.
.٧ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ
ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺠﻌﻮﱐ ﰲ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﺝ
.٨ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﱐ ﻭﺩﻓﻌﻮﱐ ﻭﺷﺠﻌﻮﱐ ﺣﱴ ﺇﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﱵ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .ﺟﺰﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ،
∩⊇⊇∈∪ tÏΖÅ¡ósßϑ9ø $# tô_r& ßì‹ÅÒムŸω ©!$# ¨βÎ*sù É9ô¹$#uρ
)ﻫﻮﺩ(١١٥ :
.٩ﺃﻫﺪﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ،ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﱄ ﻭﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﻤﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﰲ
ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﰐ .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ:
¡ÏiΒ %Z3Ïm$|Ê zΟ
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¥’n?tã |Môϑyè÷Ρr& ûÉL©9$# štFyϑ÷èÏΡ tä3ô©r& ÷βr& ûÍ_ôã—Î ÷ρr& Éb>u‘ tΑ$s%uρ $yγÏ9öθs%
’Îû y7ÏGpΗôqtÎ/ Í_ù=Åz÷Šr&uρ çµ8|Êös? $[sÎ=≈|¹ Ÿ≅uΗùå&r ÷βr&uρ ā”t$Î!≡uρ 4’n?tãρu
} šÅsÎ=≈¢Á9$#} x8ÏŠ$t7Ïãﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ{١٩ :
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ٥ ،ﺭﺟﺐ ١٤٣٢ﻫـ
٥ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ٢٠١١ﻡ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ
ﺩ
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ......................................................
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...................................................
ﺃ
ﻩ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ................................................
ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...............................................
ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ................................................
ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...............................................
ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .................................................
ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .................................................
ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .................................................
١
٤
٤
٥
٥
٥
٦
ﺃ.
ﺏ.
ﺝ.
ﺩ.
ﻭ.
ﺯ.
ﻭ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ
ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲰﺎﺋﻬﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ
.١ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ٩ ....................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ٩ ......................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ ١٠ ........................................
ﺝ .ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﺎ ١٠ .................................................
ﻩ
١٢
١٢
١٢
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١٥
١٦
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١٩
٢٠
.٢ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ....................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ...................................................
ﺏ .ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ ..................................................
ﺝ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ ........................................
.٣ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ..................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ......................................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﲟﺼﺮ ....................................
ﺝ .ﺃﺎ ﰲ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ................
ﺩ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ .........................................
.٤ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ ..................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ......................................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ....................................
ﺝ .ﺃﺎ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ٢٠ ...................................................
ﺩ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ ٢١ ........................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ
.١ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ....................................................
ﺃ .ﻋﺼﻴﺎﺎ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ...............................
.٢ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ....................................................
ﻭ
٢٢
٢٢
٢٣
٢٨
ﺃ .ﻋﺼﻴﺎﺎ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ...............................
.٣ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ..................................................
ﺃ .ﻋﺼﻴﺎﺎ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ...............................
.٤ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ ................................................
ﺃ .ﻋﺼﻴﺎﺎ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ...............................
٢٨
٢٩
٣٢
٣٢
٣٢
٤٢
٤٢
٤٢
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ
.١ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ
ﺃ .ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﻗﲔ .........................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺎﻟﻜﲔ .........................................
ﺝ .ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ .............................................
.٢ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ..........................................
ﺃ .ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ .............................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺎﻟﻜﲔ .........................................
.٣ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ..................................................
.٤ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ ................................................
ﺃ .ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ........................................
.٥ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺼﻬﻦ ................................
ﺯ
٤٨
٤٩
٥٠
٥٠
٥٠
٥١
٥٢
٥٥
٥٥
٥٦
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ
ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ
ﺃ .ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٥٩ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ٦٠ .......................................
ﺝ .ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ٦٢ ..............................................
ﺡ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺗﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺷﻴﺊ ﻭﻫﺪﻯ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ،
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﻔﻞ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ
ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺩﻧﻴﺎﻫﻢ ،ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ
šÏϑn=≈yèù=Ï9 tβθä3u‹Ï9
}?Íνωö6tã 4’n?tã tβ$s%öàø9$# tΑ¨“tΡ “Ï%©!$# x8u‘$t6s
) {#·ƒÉ‹tΡﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ(١ :
ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ،ﺟﺎﺀ
ﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ،ﻭﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻫﻢ،
ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﺆﻭﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ،ﻭﺗﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ
ﻭﺟﻪ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺳﺒﻼ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺮﺓ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻭﺩﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ،ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ،ﻭﻣﺎ
ﻭﻓﹼﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﻱ ﺎ ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﺑﻼﻏﺘﻬﻢ،
ﻓﺘﻄﺎﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ .ﻭﻇﻠﹼﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﲔ.
١
١ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﻳﺎﺏ ،ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ) ،ﻋﻤﺎﻥ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ،(١٩٩٩ ،ﻁ
،١ﺹ ٧
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ ،ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﺮ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﲟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ
ﻭﺍﺟﺐ .ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ) :ﻛِﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﹶﻧﺰﻟﹾﻨﺎﻩ ﺇِﻟﹶﻴﻚ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻟِﻴﺪﺑﺮﻭﺍ ﺁﻳﺎﺗِﻪِ
ﻭﻟِﻴﺘﺬﹶﻛﱠﺮ ﺃﹸﻭﻟﹸﻮ ﺍﻷَﻟﹾﺒﺎﺏِ( )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺹ(٢٩ :
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﺪﺑﺮﻭﺍ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ
ﻟﻴﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﳝﺎﻢ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻴﺊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ.
}&ϵŠÏù (#ρ߉y`uθs9 «!$# Îöxî ωΖÏã ôÏΒ tβ%x. öθs9uρ 4 tβ#uöà)ø9$# tβρã−/y‰tFtƒ Ÿξsùr
) {#ZÏWŸ2 $Z≈n=ÏF÷z#$ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ،(٨٢ :ﺇﻥ ﺗﺪﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﺘﺄﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺁﻳﺘﻪ
ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﺎ
ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻮﻧﻪ.
٢
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ ،ﻧﻈﺮ
ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ،ﻷﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ.
٢ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ،ﺃﻳﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺳﲑ ﻟﻠﻜﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ) ،ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ :ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ،
١٩٩٥ﻡ ١٤١٥ -ﻫـ( ﺝ ،١ﺹ ٥١٤
ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ،
ﻭﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﱪﺓ ﻷﻭﱃ
ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﺏ ،ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ،ﻻ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ
ﻛﺬﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ .ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻛﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ
ﺗﻌﺎﱃôÏΒ $tΒuρ 4 ‘,ysø9$# ßÈ|Ás)ø9$# uθßγs9 #x‹≈yδ ¨βÎ)}:
)uθßγs9 ©!#$ āχÎ)uρ 4 ª!#$ āωÎ) >µ≈s9Î
) {ÞΟŠÅ3ysø9$# Ⓝ͓yèø9$#ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ،(٦٢:
ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ:
$tΒ ”ωΖÏã $tΒ 4 ϵÎ/ ΟçFö/¤‹Ÿ2uρ ’În1§‘ ÏiΒ 7πuΖÉit/ 4’n?tã ’ÎoΤÎ) ö≅è%
@t,Î#ÅÁ≈xø9$# çöyz uθèδuρ ( ¨,ysø9$# Èà)tƒ ( ¬! āωÎ) ãΝõ3ß⇔ø9$# ÈβÎ) 4 ÿϵÎ/ šχθè=É∨÷ètGó¡n
)ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ(٥٧ :
ﺇﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ
ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ
ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﻉ
ﻭﺧﲑ ﻣﺘﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ.٣
٣ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﲑﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ
ﻣﺴﻠﻢ) ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ،ﺩ.ﺕ( ،ﺑﺎﺏ ﺧﻴ ﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﻉِ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﺃﹶ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟِﺤﺔ ُ ،ﺟﺰﺀ ،٤ﳕﺮﺓ ،٣٧١٦ :ﺹ
١٧٨
ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺭﺟﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺻﺎﳊﻮﻥ ﻭﻃﺎﳊﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻮﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ.
ﺏ .ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺠﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ:
ﻣﻦ ﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ؟ ،ﻭﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ
ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ،ﻭﻫﻲ:
(١ﻣﻦ ﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ؟
(٢ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ؟
(٣ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﳍﻦ؟
(٤ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺘﻬﻦ؟
ﺝ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﲝﺚ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻱ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺎ ،ﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻘﺼﺘﻬﻦ ﻭﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻦ.
ﺩ .ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
(١ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ .ﻭﻫﻦ :ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ،
ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ،ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ.
(٢ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ.
(٣ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﺬﺍﻦ.
(٤ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺼﻬﻦ.
ﻭ .ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻬﻢ ﱄ ﻭﻟﻠﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺳﲔ ﻭﺍﺘﻤﻊ ،ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﲔ
ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ.
ﺯ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﺄﱐ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺮﺟﻮﻉ
ﺇﱃ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ:
"PEDOMAN PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH (Skripsi, Tesis,
Diertasi) UIN Syarif HIdayatullah. Jakarta: Ceqda, ٢٠٠٧".
ﻭ .ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﲝﺜﻲ ﺇﱃ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻫﻲ:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ :ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻩ،
ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻪ ،ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻪ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲰﺎﺋﻬﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻦ
ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ:
.(١ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ
.(٢ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ
(٣ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ
(٤ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ
(٥ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻦ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺼﻬﻦ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ،ﻭﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ :ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ
ﰒ ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ
ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲰﺎﺋﻬﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ
ﺇﻥ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ
ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺧﻴﺎﻻ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﻋﱪ .ﻭﺳﺒﻖ
ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ
ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻼﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ
ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ،ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﺗﺮﺩ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ
ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ،ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺬﻭﻗﻮﻥ.
ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ
ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) :ﻛﹶﻤﻞﹶ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝِ ﻛﹶﺜِﲑ ﻭﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻜﹾﻤﻞﹾ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀِ ﺇﻟﹼﺎ ﺁﺳِﻴﺔﹸ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﹶﺓﹸ ﻓِﺮﻋﻮﻥ،
ﻭﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺑِﻨﺖ ﻋِﻤﺮﺍﻥﹶ ،ﻭﺇِﻥﱠ ﻓﹶﻀﻞﹶ ﻋﺎﺋِﺸﺔﹶ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀِ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﻀﻞِ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺮِﻳﺪِ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺳﺎﺋِﺮِ
ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻌﺎﻡِ( ١ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺿﺪﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ .ﻭﻫﻦ :ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ،ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ،ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ
ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ .ﻭﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﲰﺎﺋﻬﻦ ﻭﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻫﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻦ.
ﺃﻭﻻ :ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻴﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ :ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ.
ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻫﻠﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ.
٢
٣
ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﳍﺔ ،ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺔ ،ﻭﻗﻴﻞ :ﺇﻥ
ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ
ﻭﺍﻏﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﳍﺔ.
٤
١ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ) ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ١٤٢٥ ،ﻫـ( ،ﻁ ٤ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ،
ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﺑﺎﺏ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﳕﺮﺓ ،٣٤١١ :ﺹ ٦٢٧
٢ﺇﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ،ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ) ،ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ١٩٩٨ ،ﻡ( ،ﻁ ،١ﺹ ١٩٢
٣
ﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻭﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ،ﺗﻔﺴﲑ
ﺟﻼﻟﲔ ) ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ،ﺩ.ﺕ( ،ﺝ ،١ﻁ ،١ﺹ ٧٥٣
٤ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ،ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ
ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ) ،ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ٢٠٠٣ ،ﻡ( ،ﺝ ،١٨ﺹ ٢٠١
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ}:ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﺜﹶﻠﹰﺎ ﻟِﻠﱠﺬِﻳﻦ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺮﻭﺍ ﺍِﻣﺮﺃﹶﺓﹶ ﻧﻮﺡٍ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﹶﺓﹶ
ﻟﹸﻮﻁٍ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺘﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺒﺪﻳﻦِ ﻣِﻦ ﻋِﺒﺎﺩِﻧﺎ ﺻﺎﻟِﺤﻴﻦِ ﻓﹶﺨﺎﻧﺘﺎﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻢ ﻳﻐﻨِﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ
ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪِ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ ﺍﺩﺧﻠﹶﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧِﻠِﲔ) {ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ(١٠:
}ﺣﺘﻰ ﺇِﺫﹶﺍ ﺟﺎﺀَ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﻭﻓﹶﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﺭ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﺍﺣﻤِﻞﹾ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻣِﻦ ﻛﹸﻞﱟ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﻦِ ﺍﺛﹾﻨﻴﻦِ
ﻭﺃﹶﻫﻠﹶﻚ ﺇِﻟﱠﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪِ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻮﻝﹸ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺁَﻣﻦ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺁَﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇِﻟﱠﺎ ﻗﹶﻠِﻴﻞﹲ{ )ﻫﻮﺩ:
(٤٠
ﺝ .ﺍﻭﻻﺩﻫﺎ
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻭﻻﺩ ﻧﻮﺡ :ﻭﻫﻢ ﺣﺎﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﻡ ،ﻭﻳﺎﻓﺚ ،ﻭﻳﺎﻡ ،ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ
ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ )ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻥ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺮﻕ ،ﻭ)ﻋﺎﺑﺮ( ﻓﻘﺪ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ.
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ﻗﹸﺺ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻫﻮﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻨﻀﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ
ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺼﻢ ﲜﺒﻞ ﻇﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﺠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻭﻗﺪ
ﺧﺎﻃﺐ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺭﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﺪﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻪ ﰲ
٥ﺇﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ،ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﺹ ٨١-٨٠
ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﺧﱪﻩ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺑﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ
.ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﲑ ﺻﺎﱀ
:ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ
’Îû šχ%Ÿ2uρ …çµoΨö/$# îyθçΡ 3“yŠ$tΡuρ ÉΑ$t6Éfø9$$x. 8löθtΒ ’Îû óΟÎγÎ/ “ÌøgrB ΑÉδuρ
9≅t6y_ 4’nu‘ tΑ$s% ∩⊆∉∪ tÎ=Îγ≈yfø9$#
٦
(٤٧-٤٥ : ∪∠⊆∩ )ﻫﻮﺩzƒ‚ø9$# zÏiΒ à2r& ûÍ_ôϑymös?uρ ’Í< öÏøós? āωÎ)uρ
ﺹ،(ﻡ١٩٨٨ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ: )ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ، ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ،ﳛﲕ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻤﻲ
٦
١٢٨-١٢٧
ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ :ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ
ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﳍﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ٧.ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻫﻠﺔ
٨.ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺔ.
٩
ﺏ .ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺎ
ﺗﺆﻛﻼﻤﺎ ﻭﺗﻀﺎﺟﻌﺎﻤﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺮﺍﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﱂ
ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﺎﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ
ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ )ﻓﺨﺎﻧﺘﺎﳘﺎ( ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺒﺎ ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺃﻤﺎ
ﺧﺎﻧﺘﺎﳘﺎ ﲟﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﳍﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ.
١٠
٧ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ) ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺭ٢٠٠١ ،ﻡ١٤٢١-ﻫـ( ،ﺝ ،١ﺹ ١٧٤
٨ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺳﻲ ،ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﱐ) ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ١٤٠٥ ،ﻫـ( ،ﻁ ،٤ﺹ ١٧١
٩ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ،ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺟﻼﻟﲔ ،ﺹ ٧٥٣
١٠ﳛﲕ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻤﻲ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﺹ ١٢٧
ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﺗﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻴﻔﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ١١.ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻭﻥ
ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ :ﺃﻥ ﻧﱯ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﻃﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺟﻌﻞ ﳝﺎﻧﻊ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﻳﺪﺍﻓﻌﻬﻢ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﺮﻭﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﺘﺤﻪ ﻭﻭﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﻈﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻨﻬﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺇﳊﺎﺡ ﻭﺇﳓﺎﺡ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺿﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻋﺴﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ
ﻗﺎﻝ:
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ANNISÂ AL’ÂSHIYÂT FI AL-QURÂN AL-KARÎM
(DIRÂSAH TAFSÎRIYAH)
Skripsi
Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Dirosat Islamiyah
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh
Gelar Sarjana (S.S.I)
Oleh:
Yuyun Yulpiah
Nim: 107060001218
Pembimbing:
Dr. Hamka Hasan, Lc. M.A.
NIP. 197505 20200003 1 001
FAKULTAS DIROSAT ISLAMIYAH
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGRI
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
1432 H/2011M
ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ
ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ،ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ
ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻻ ﻧﱯ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪ.
ﻓﺒﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﺭﺍﺩﺗﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﺇﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ
ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ) S.S.Iﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺴﺎﻧﺲ ( ﰲ
ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ ﳍﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ
ﻣﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ.
ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺇﱃ:
.١ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ.
ﺃ
.٢ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﲪﻚ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺰﻩ ﻋﲏ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ،
ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ.
.٣ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
.٤ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ،ﻭﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﻢ ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎﺀ
ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺯﻭﺩﻭﱐ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ
ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ.ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﺳﺎﺗﺬﰐ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﱄ.
)ﺍﺎﺩﻟﺔ(١١:
†Îû (#θßs¡¡x s? öΝä3s9 Ÿ≅ŠÏ% #sŒÎ) (#þθãΖtΒ#u tÏ%©!$# $pκš‰r'¯≈tƒ.
(#ρâ“à±Σ$$sù (#ρâ“à±Σ$# Ÿ≅ŠÏ% #sŒÎ)uρ ( öΝä3s9 ª!$# Ëx|¡ø tƒ (#θßs|¡øù$$sù ħÎ=≈yfyϑ9ø $#
ª!$#uρ 4 ;M≈y_u‘yŠ zΟ=ù Ïèø9$# (#θè?ρé& tÏ%©!$#uρ öΝä3ΖÏΒ (#θãΖtΒ#u tÏ%©!$# ª!$# Æìsùötƒ
{ ×Î7yz tβθè=yϑè÷ s? $yϑ/Î
ﺏ
.٥ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﱵ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻇﻔﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻭﺻﱪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺗﺪﺑﲑ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ،ﻓﺠﺎﺯﺍﳘﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﲏ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ
* āωr& y7•/u‘ 4|Ós%uρ
?uy9Å6ø9$# x8y‰ΨÏã £tóè=ö7tƒ $¨ΒÎ) 4 $·Ζ≈|¡ômÎ) Èøt$Î!≡uθø9$$Î/uρ çν$−ƒÎ) HωÎ) (#ÿρ߉7ç ÷ès
$yϑßγ©9 ≅è%uρ $yϑèδöpκ÷]s? Ÿωuρ 7e∃é& !$yϑλç °; ≅à)s? Ÿξsù $yϑδ
è ŸξÏ. ÷ρr& !$yϑδ
è ߉n
&t r
Ïπyϑôm§9$# zÏΒ ÉeΑ—%!$# yy$uΖy_ $yϑγ
ß s9 ôÙÏ ÷z$#uρ ∩⊄⊂∪ $VϑƒÌŸ2 Zωöθs%
) ∩⊄⊆∪ #ZÉó|¹ ’ÎΤ$u‹−/u‘ $yϑx. $yϑγß ÷Ηxqö‘$# Éb>§‘ ≅è%uρﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ(٢٤-٢٣ :
.٦ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻴﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻐﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ.
.٧ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ
ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺠﻌﻮﱐ ﰲ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﺝ
.٨ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﱐ ﻭﺩﻓﻌﻮﱐ ﻭﺷﺠﻌﻮﱐ ﺣﱴ ﺇﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﱵ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .ﺟﺰﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ،
∩⊇⊇∈∪ tÏΖÅ¡ósßϑ9ø $# tô_r& ßì‹ÅÒムŸω ©!$# ¨βÎ*sù É9ô¹$#uρ
)ﻫﻮﺩ(١١٥ :
.٩ﺃﻫﺪﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ،ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﱄ ﻭﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﻤﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﰲ
ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﰐ .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ:
¡ÏiΒ %Z3Ïm$|Ê zΟ
}¡ t6tGsù
¥’n?tã |Môϑyè÷Ρr& ûÉL©9$# štFyϑ÷èÏΡ tä3ô©r& ÷βr& ûÍ_ôã—Î ÷ρr& Éb>u‘ tΑ$s%uρ $yγÏ9öθs%
’Îû y7ÏGpΗôqtÎ/ Í_ù=Åz÷Šr&uρ çµ8|Êös? $[sÎ=≈|¹ Ÿ≅uΗùå&r ÷βr&uρ ā”t$Î!≡uρ 4’n?tãρu
} šÅsÎ=≈¢Á9$#} x8ÏŠ$t7Ïãﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ{١٩ :
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ٥ ،ﺭﺟﺐ ١٤٣٢ﻫـ
٥ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ٢٠١١ﻡ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ
ﺩ
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ......................................................
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...................................................
ﺃ
ﻩ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ................................................
ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...............................................
ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ................................................
ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...............................................
ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .................................................
ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .................................................
ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .................................................
١
٤
٤
٥
٥
٥
٦
ﺃ.
ﺏ.
ﺝ.
ﺩ.
ﻭ.
ﺯ.
ﻭ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ
ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲰﺎﺋﻬﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ
.١ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ٩ ....................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ٩ ......................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ ١٠ ........................................
ﺝ .ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﺎ ١٠ .................................................
ﻩ
١٢
١٢
١٢
١٤
١٥
١٦
١٦
١٦
١٨
١٩
١٩
٢٠
.٢ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ....................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ...................................................
ﺏ .ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ ..................................................
ﺝ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ ........................................
.٣ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ..................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ......................................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﲟﺼﺮ ....................................
ﺝ .ﺃﺎ ﰲ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ................
ﺩ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ .........................................
.٤ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ ..................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ......................................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ....................................
ﺝ .ﺃﺎ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ٢٠ ...................................................
ﺩ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ ٢١ ........................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ
.١ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ....................................................
ﺃ .ﻋﺼﻴﺎﺎ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ...............................
.٢ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ....................................................
ﻭ
٢٢
٢٢
٢٣
٢٨
ﺃ .ﻋﺼﻴﺎﺎ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ...............................
.٣ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ..................................................
ﺃ .ﻋﺼﻴﺎﺎ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ...............................
.٤ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ ................................................
ﺃ .ﻋﺼﻴﺎﺎ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ...............................
٢٨
٢٩
٣٢
٣٢
٣٢
٤٢
٤٢
٤٢
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ
.١ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ
ﺃ .ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﻗﲔ .........................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺎﻟﻜﲔ .........................................
ﺝ .ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ .............................................
.٢ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ..........................................
ﺃ .ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ .............................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺎﻟﻜﲔ .........................................
.٣ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ..................................................
.٤ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ ................................................
ﺃ .ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ........................................
.٥ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺼﻬﻦ ................................
ﺯ
٤٨
٤٩
٥٠
٥٠
٥٠
٥١
٥٢
٥٥
٥٥
٥٦
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ
ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ
ﺃ .ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٥٩ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ٦٠ .......................................
ﺝ .ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ٦٢ ..............................................
ﺡ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺗﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺷﻴﺊ ﻭﻫﺪﻯ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ،
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﻔﻞ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ
ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺩﻧﻴﺎﻫﻢ ،ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ
šÏϑn=≈yèù=Ï9 tβθä3u‹Ï9
}?Íνωö6tã 4’n?tã tβ$s%öàø9$# tΑ¨“tΡ “Ï%©!$# x8u‘$t6s
) {#·ƒÉ‹tΡﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ(١ :
ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ،ﺟﺎﺀ
ﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ،ﻭﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻫﻢ،
ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﺆﻭﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ،ﻭﺗﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ
ﻭﺟﻪ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺳﺒﻼ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺮﺓ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻭﺩﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ،ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ،ﻭﻣﺎ
ﻭﻓﹼﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﻱ ﺎ ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﺑﻼﻏﺘﻬﻢ،
ﻓﺘﻄﺎﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ .ﻭﻇﻠﹼﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﲔ.
١
١ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﻳﺎﺏ ،ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ) ،ﻋﻤﺎﻥ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ،(١٩٩٩ ،ﻁ
،١ﺹ ٧
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ ،ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﺮ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﲟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ
ﻭﺍﺟﺐ .ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ) :ﻛِﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﹶﻧﺰﻟﹾﻨﺎﻩ ﺇِﻟﹶﻴﻚ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻟِﻴﺪﺑﺮﻭﺍ ﺁﻳﺎﺗِﻪِ
ﻭﻟِﻴﺘﺬﹶﻛﱠﺮ ﺃﹸﻭﻟﹸﻮ ﺍﻷَﻟﹾﺒﺎﺏِ( )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺹ(٢٩ :
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﺪﺑﺮﻭﺍ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ
ﻟﻴﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﳝﺎﻢ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻴﺊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ.
}&ϵŠÏù (#ρ߉y`uθs9 «!$# Îöxî ωΖÏã ôÏΒ tβ%x. öθs9uρ 4 tβ#uöà)ø9$# tβρã−/y‰tFtƒ Ÿξsùr
) {#ZÏWŸ2 $Z≈n=ÏF÷z#$ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ،(٨٢ :ﺇﻥ ﺗﺪﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﺘﺄﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺁﻳﺘﻪ
ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﺎ
ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻮﻧﻪ.
٢
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ ،ﻧﻈﺮ
ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ،ﻷﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ.
٢ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ،ﺃﻳﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺳﲑ ﻟﻠﻜﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ) ،ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ :ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ،
١٩٩٥ﻡ ١٤١٥ -ﻫـ( ﺝ ،١ﺹ ٥١٤
ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ،
ﻭﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﱪﺓ ﻷﻭﱃ
ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﺏ ،ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ،ﻻ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ
ﻛﺬﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ .ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻛﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ
ﺗﻌﺎﱃôÏΒ $tΒuρ 4 ‘,ysø9$# ßÈ|Ás)ø9$# uθßγs9 #x‹≈yδ ¨βÎ)}:
)uθßγs9 ©!#$ āχÎ)uρ 4 ª!#$ āωÎ) >µ≈s9Î
) {ÞΟŠÅ3ysø9$# Ⓝ͓yèø9$#ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ،(٦٢:
ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ:
$tΒ ”ωΖÏã $tΒ 4 ϵÎ/ ΟçFö/¤‹Ÿ2uρ ’În1§‘ ÏiΒ 7πuΖÉit/ 4’n?tã ’ÎoΤÎ) ö≅è%
@t,Î#ÅÁ≈xø9$# çöyz uθèδuρ ( ¨,ysø9$# Èà)tƒ ( ¬! āωÎ) ãΝõ3ß⇔ø9$# ÈβÎ) 4 ÿϵÎ/ šχθè=É∨÷ètGó¡n
)ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ(٥٧ :
ﺇﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ
ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ
ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﻉ
ﻭﺧﲑ ﻣﺘﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ.٣
٣ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﲑﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭﻱ ،ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ
ﻣﺴﻠﻢ) ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ،ﺩ.ﺕ( ،ﺑﺎﺏ ﺧﻴ ﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﻉِ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﺃﹶ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟِﺤﺔ ُ ،ﺟﺰﺀ ،٤ﳕﺮﺓ ،٣٧١٦ :ﺹ
١٧٨
ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺭﺟﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺻﺎﳊﻮﻥ ﻭﻃﺎﳊﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻮﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ.
ﺏ .ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺠﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ:
ﻣﻦ ﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ؟ ،ﻭﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ
ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ،ﻭﻫﻲ:
(١ﻣﻦ ﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ؟
(٢ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ؟
(٣ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﳍﻦ؟
(٤ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺘﻬﻦ؟
ﺝ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﲝﺚ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻱ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺎ ،ﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻘﺼﺘﻬﻦ ﻭﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻦ.
ﺩ .ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
(١ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ .ﻭﻫﻦ :ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ،
ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ،ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ.
(٢ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ.
(٣ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﺬﺍﻦ.
(٤ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺼﻬﻦ.
ﻭ .ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻬﻢ ﱄ ﻭﻟﻠﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺳﲔ ﻭﺍﺘﻤﻊ ،ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﲔ
ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ.
ﺯ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﺄﱐ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺮﺟﻮﻉ
ﺇﱃ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ:
"PEDOMAN PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH (Skripsi, Tesis,
Diertasi) UIN Syarif HIdayatullah. Jakarta: Ceqda, ٢٠٠٧".
ﻭ .ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﲝﺜﻲ ﺇﱃ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻫﻲ:
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ :ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻩ،
ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻪ ،ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻪ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲰﺎﺋﻬﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻦ
ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ:
.(١ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ
.(٢ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ
(٣ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ
(٤ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ
(٥ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻦ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺼﻴﺎﻦ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺼﻬﻦ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ،ﻭﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ :ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ
ﰒ ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ
ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲰﺎﺋﻬﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ
ﺇﻥ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ
ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺧﻴﺎﻻ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﻋﱪ .ﻭﺳﺒﻖ
ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ
ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻼﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ
ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ،ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﺗﺮﺩ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ
ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ،ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻼﻏﻴﺔ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺬﻭﻗﻮﻥ.
ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ
ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) :ﻛﹶﻤﻞﹶ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝِ ﻛﹶﺜِﲑ ﻭﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻜﹾﻤﻞﹾ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀِ ﺇﻟﹼﺎ ﺁﺳِﻴﺔﹸ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﹶﺓﹸ ﻓِﺮﻋﻮﻥ،
ﻭﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺑِﻨﺖ ﻋِﻤﺮﺍﻥﹶ ،ﻭﺇِﻥﱠ ﻓﹶﻀﻞﹶ ﻋﺎﺋِﺸﺔﹶ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀِ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﻀﻞِ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺮِﻳﺪِ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺳﺎﺋِﺮِ
ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻌﺎﻡِ( ١ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺿﺪﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ .ﻭﻫﻦ :ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ،ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ،ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ
ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ .ﻭﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﲰﺎﺋﻬﻦ ﻭﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻫﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻦ.
ﺃﻭﻻ :ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻴﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ :ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ.
ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻫﻠﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ.
٢
٣
ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﳍﺔ ،ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺔ ،ﻭﻗﻴﻞ :ﺇﻥ
ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ
ﻭﺍﻏﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﳍﺔ.
٤
١ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ) ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ١٤٢٥ ،ﻫـ( ،ﻁ ٤ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ،
ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﺑﺎﺏ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﳕﺮﺓ ،٣٤١١ :ﺹ ٦٢٧
٢ﺇﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ،ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ) ،ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ١٩٩٨ ،ﻡ( ،ﻁ ،١ﺹ ١٩٢
٣
ﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻭﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ،ﺗﻔﺴﲑ
ﺟﻼﻟﲔ ) ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ،ﺩ.ﺕ( ،ﺝ ،١ﻁ ،١ﺹ ٧٥٣
٤ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ،ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ
ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ) ،ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ٢٠٠٣ ،ﻡ( ،ﺝ ،١٨ﺹ ٢٠١
ﺏ .ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺎ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ}:ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﺜﹶﻠﹰﺎ ﻟِﻠﱠﺬِﻳﻦ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺮﻭﺍ ﺍِﻣﺮﺃﹶﺓﹶ ﻧﻮﺡٍ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﹶﺓﹶ
ﻟﹸﻮﻁٍ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺘﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺒﺪﻳﻦِ ﻣِﻦ ﻋِﺒﺎﺩِﻧﺎ ﺻﺎﻟِﺤﻴﻦِ ﻓﹶﺨﺎﻧﺘﺎﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻢ ﻳﻐﻨِﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ
ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪِ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ ﺍﺩﺧﻠﹶﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧِﻠِﲔ) {ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ(١٠:
}ﺣﺘﻰ ﺇِﺫﹶﺍ ﺟﺎﺀَ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﻭﻓﹶﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﺭ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﺍﺣﻤِﻞﹾ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻣِﻦ ﻛﹸﻞﱟ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﻦِ ﺍﺛﹾﻨﻴﻦِ
ﻭﺃﹶﻫﻠﹶﻚ ﺇِﻟﱠﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪِ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻮﻝﹸ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺁَﻣﻦ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺁَﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇِﻟﱠﺎ ﻗﹶﻠِﻴﻞﹲ{ )ﻫﻮﺩ:
(٤٠
ﺝ .ﺍﻭﻻﺩﻫﺎ
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻭﻻﺩ ﻧﻮﺡ :ﻭﻫﻢ ﺣﺎﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﻡ ،ﻭﻳﺎﻓﺚ ،ﻭﻳﺎﻡ ،ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ
ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ )ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻥ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺮﻕ ،ﻭ)ﻋﺎﺑﺮ( ﻓﻘﺪ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ.
٥
ﻗﹸﺺ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻫﻮﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻨﻀﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ
ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺼﻢ ﲜﺒﻞ ﻇﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﺠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻭﻗﺪ
ﺧﺎﻃﺐ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺭﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﺪﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻪ ﰲ
٥ﺇﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ،ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ،ﺹ ٨١-٨٠
ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﺧﱪﻩ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺑﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ
.ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﲑ ﺻﺎﱀ
:ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ
’Îû šχ%Ÿ2uρ …çµoΨö/$# îyθçΡ 3“yŠ$tΡuρ ÉΑ$t6Éfø9$$x. 8löθtΒ ’Îû óΟÎγÎ/ “ÌøgrB ΑÉδuρ
9≅t6y_ 4’nu‘ tΑ$s% ∩⊆∉∪ tÎ=Îγ≈yfø9$#
٦
(٤٧-٤٥ : ∪∠⊆∩ )ﻫﻮﺩzƒ‚ø9$# zÏiΒ à2r& ûÍ_ôϑymös?uρ ’Í< öÏøós? āωÎ)uρ
ﺹ،(ﻡ١٩٨٨ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ: )ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ، ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ،ﳛﲕ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻤﻲ
٦
١٢٨-١٢٧
ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ :ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ
ﺃ .ﺍﲰﻬﺎ
ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﳍﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ٧.ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻫﻠﺔ
٨.ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺔ.
٩
ﺏ .ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺎ
ﺗﺆﻛﻼﻤﺎ ﻭﺗﻀﺎﺟﻌﺎﻤﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺮﺍﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﱂ
ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﺎﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ
ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ )ﻓﺨﺎﻧﺘﺎﳘﺎ( ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺒﺎ ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺃﻤﺎ
ﺧﺎﻧﺘﺎﳘﺎ ﲟﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﳍﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ.
١٠
٧ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ) ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺭ٢٠٠١ ،ﻡ١٤٢١-ﻫـ( ،ﺝ ،١ﺹ ١٧٤
٨ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺳﻲ ،ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﱐ) ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ١٤٠٥ ،ﻫـ( ،ﻁ ،٤ﺹ ١٧١
٩ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ،ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺟﻼﻟﲔ ،ﺹ ٧٥٣
١٠ﳛﲕ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻤﻲ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﺹ ١٢٧
ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻁ ﺗﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻴﻔﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ١١.ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻭﻥ
ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ :ﺃﻥ ﻧﱯ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﻃﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺟﻌﻞ ﳝﺎﻧﻊ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﻳﺪﺍﻓﻌﻬﻢ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﺮﻭﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﺘﺤﻪ ﻭﻭﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﻈﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻨﻬﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺇﳊﺎﺡ ﻭﺇﳓﺎﺡ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺿﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻋﺴﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ
ﻗﺎﻝ:
}äÞθè=≈tƒ (#θä9$s% ∩∇⊃∪ 7‰ƒÏ‰x© 9ø.â‘ 4’n