Refusal strategies used by the students.

13

3.19 Refusal strategies used by the students.

This research aims at finding out refusal strategies that used by the students of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in speaking class by using DCT containing some speech acts in some scenarios. The scenarios were given to the students and they made conversations based on the situation of the scenarios. The writer has 9 scenarios that used as an instrument. The results of this research on pragmatic in teaching have provided by the writer with interesting findings on the research questions. This research found 3 strategies of refusal. DCT 1 found direct refusal 47,4, indirect refusal 47,4, and adjunct to refusal 5,2. DCT 2 found direct refusal 42,1, indirect refusal 44,7, and adjunct to refusal 13,2. DCT 3 found direct refusal 42,1, indirect refusal 34,2, and adjunct to refusal 23,7. DCT 4 found direct refusal 63,2, indirect refusal 34,2, and adjunct to refusal 2,6. DCT 5 found direct refusal 29, indirect refusal 68,4, and adjunct to refusal 2,6. DCT 6 found direct refusal 31,6, indirect refusal 42,1, and adjunct to refusal 26,3. DCT 7 found direct refusal 44,7, indirect refusal 36,9, and adjunct to refusal 18,4. DCT 8 found direct refusal 63,2, indirect refusal 31,6, and adjunct to refusal 5,3. DCT 9 found direct refusal 52,6, indirect refusal 47,4, and adjunct to refusal 0. From the whole of the DCT, the writer finds out average percentage are 46,2 of direct refusal, 43 of indirect refusal, and 10,8 of adjunct to refusal. From the findings it can be said that direct refusal is mostly used by the students in all scenarios. Participants make a refusal with many explanations perhaps by incorporating a lot of explanations given in DCT scenario. DCT is also used by the previous study Gaspie, 2014. Participants translated all the sentences given in the situation. The participants gave explanation before head the DCT scenarios. Explanation in DCT also functioned as the refusal. It may be because the participants lack of the knowledge about making refusal. In this case, participants made their effort to translate the scenarios in Indonesian to English. The direct refusal made the conversation clearer to the interlocutor. While, there are three strategies of refusal, but the students mostly used direct refusal in making clearer conversations. Whereas, the students can use the other strategies of refusal besides direct refusal, for example when the speaker refuses her dad’s offer to take her to walk t onight. The speaker said “’I’m sorry Dad, maybe in another time”. As what the Gudykunst and Ting-Toomey said in Felix, indirect refusal means verbal messages that camouflage and conceal speaker’s true intention in terms of their wants, needs, and goals in the discourse situation. So, the students refuse indirectly to be more polite. The writer also found adjunct to refusal made by the students with the situation are given. But, only a few students use this strategy. From explanation above, the writer concluded that the students of English Department not comprehensive yet the theory of refusal strategies. 3.20 Politeness strategies used by the students. The second objective is to know the politeness strategy used by the students of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.in speaking class. This research found 4 strategies of politeness. The writer has 9 scenarios that used as instrument. DCT 1 found BOR 50, PP 13,2, NP 36,8, and OR 0. DCT 2 found BOR 13,2, PP 52,6, NP 28,9, and OR 5,3. DCT 3 found BOR 39,5, PP 47,3, NP 13,2, and OR 0. DCT 4 found BOR 44,8, PP 10,5, NP 42,1, and OR 2,6. DCT 5 found BOR 5,2, PP 39,5, NP 55,3, and OR 0. DCT 6 47,4, PP 34,2, NP 18,4, and OR 0. DCT 7 found BOR 65,8, PP 23,7, NP 10,5, and OR 0. DCT 8 found BOR 65,8, PP 15,8, NP 13,2 , and OR5,2. DCT 9 found 47,4, PP 28,9, NP 21,1, and OR 2,6. From the whole of the DCT, the writer finds 14 out average percentage are 42,1 of BOR, 29,5 of PP, 26,6 of NP, and 1,8 of OR. The writer finds out BOR is mostly applied in all refusal used. Perhaps, the participants want to make a conversation containing refusal effectively and efficiently. Bald on record strategy is employed as the speakers directly address the other as a means of expressing their need. Positive politeness strategy is indicated by shortening the distance, it means the speakers want to show closeness and intimacy toward the interlocutor. The higher status of the speaker is employed negative politeness strategies which showed indirectness and deference. Negative politeness strategy is applied by the speaker to higher and unfamiliar interlocutor, perhaps the participants expressed their respect in terms of politeness to those considered higher level. The last strategy is off record. This strategy, the speakers do not address the other directly. The participants usually use it to give a hint to the other to show their want rather than saying it directly. From the explanation above, the researcher concluded that the students of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta have not mastered yet the whole politeness in making refusal politeness.

4. CONCLUSION