means of literary through the medium of language Damono in Jabrohim, 2001:169.
B. Major Principles of Sociology of Literature
A literary work exists because of society; the existence of literary work is influenced by the condition and phenomenon in society either in politic, social,
religion, economy, science and technology. There are many concepts that live as a theory for the major principles in sociological approach. The theory is introduced
by Swingewood 1972:13, which is stated into three approaches to grasp the sociology of literature as follows:
1. Literary works as a social mirror Literature reflects various and social phenomena and problems in
society such as class structure, class conflict, family relationship and possibility divorce friend, and population composition Swingewood,
1972:13. This approach deals with the time when the literary works are created and it is reflected the situation and condition of social life of the
society. It describes the social phenomenon and the historical climate that can be seen through the literary work. Swingewood states “the most particular
perspective adopts the documentary aspect of literature arguing that provides a mirror to the age” Swingewood, 1972:13. Thus theory assumes that the
literary work appears related to the aspects of life such as; social, economic, culture, politic and religious aspect.
2. Literary works as a social background Literature is defined as historical document. Literary work can be used
as an instrument for retelling a story. Literary work is actually received by a particular society at a specific historical moment. The writer’s position in
society is extremely important affect hisher creative in many ways. According to Swingewood 1972:18, “the link between historical background
and the development of literature constitute a key area in any literary sociology”.
3. Literary work deals with the social situation of the author Lowenthal in Swingewood, 1972:16 states “ we learn both of the
nature of society and the ways individuals experienced it, through the fictional characters who see and record not only the realty around them, but their
hopes, wishes, dreams and fantasies…” Commonly, in writing a literary work, an author is influenced by the
situation and condition of the society in which they live. An author may affirm or criticize the values of the society and their works inspired by the happening
events in their society. This approach deals with the social background of the author and how
the author himselfherself reacts and responses to the system that has been built by the society where heshe has been lived.
C. Structural Elements
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