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3 The students who become the object of the study are in the same level. 4 There is no superior class in the class division.
The writer took one class from eight classes that became the member of population. The procedure was as follows: first, the writer wrote the name of each
member of population in a piece of paper and rolls it. Then, she put the paper in a box and shakes it. Finally, the writer took one of the roll papers and opens it to
know which class who became the sample. The result is class VII E as the sample of the study.
3.3 Variable
Variable is a quality which can take a number of different values or states Brown. A and Dowling.P, 1998:22. According to Sudjana 1992:310 there are
two kinds of variables, that is independent variable and dependent variable. Independent variable is a variable that are easily obtained and can be diversified
into free variable, while dependent variable is the effect of independent variable. In this study, the independent variable was the use of Audio-lingual teaching as a
method in teaching speaking and signed by X while the second variable is called dependent variable was the students’ speaking skill improvement and signed by
Y.
3.4 Method of Collecting Data
In this study, several procedures would be used in order to get the empirical data required. The research would be conducted in three ways are as
follows:
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1 Questionnaire The writer used this method to measure how Audio-lingual method influence
the students’ speaking skill improvement. 2 Observation
This method would be used to observe the teaching-learning process and the students’ activities.
3 Test This study would be carried out through four activities. The two activities
were teaching-learning process. In the third activity, the students did the post- test and questionnaire. Before giving the three last activities, the writer gave a
pre-test.
3.5 Instruments of the Study
1 Questionnaires According to Brown. A and Dowling.P 1998:66-69 questionnaires
hold a number of attractions for the researcher who wishes to collect information from a large number of people but has limited time and resources.
They also said that questionnaires are particularly useful for gathering simple information on what people do or have donealthough care must be taken to
allow for the limitation of memory in the question asked and what people know alternative. Meanwhile, Arikunto says that a questionnaire is a number
of written questions which are used to gain information from the respondents about themselves or their knowledge, belief etc. 2002:128.
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From the assumptions above, the writer had reasons for choosing questionnaires as her instrument. The reasons were as follows: it could collect
information from a large number of students and on the other side; the students as respondents could completed and returned it in certain period.
The alternative questions of questionnaire would be used in this study is the closed question. The writer wanted to underline here that the
questionnaire would be used to measure the students’ speaking skill improvement. The writer tried to construct the questionnaire which contains
five items. 2 Field notes
It would be used to note finding and improvement during action step in each cycle. The guideline of the field notes encompassed:
a Observation towards the students i observed students’ activities
ii observed students’ co-operation in their groups b Observation towards the teachers’ way of teaching.
3 Test items This study would be carried out through four activities. The two activities
were teaching-learning process. In the first activity, the writer gave a pre-test. The purpose was to know how far the students could speak English fluently by
performing the simple dialogue relating to the given materials. In the second activity, the writer applied audio lingual teaching method in teaching-learning
process with the material “Introduction”. The students performed the simple
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dialogues given by the teacher. In the third activity, the writer still used audio- lingual teaching method in teaching-learning process with the material “Hobbies”
just the same as previous activities the students still performed the simple dialogue. In the last activity, the students did the post-test and fill in the
questionnaire. The purpose of which was to measure the students’ progress and result of the teaching-learning activities. The writer used the same dialogue in the
first activity pre-test to last activity {post-test with the purpose giving such kind of illustration about the material which has been taught to students. In this study,
the writer used an oral test as the instruments for collecting data. According to the statement above, the writer assumed that in her research, she would like to
conduct an achievement test. The achievement test is similar to the progress that it measures how mush the students have learned it of first foreign language
interaction Rebecca M. Vallette, 1996:4. The achievement test is appropriate to measure that students’ progress in learning process.
Achievement test can be designed to measure a variety of learning outcomes, such as knowledge of particular facts; the ability to apply facts and
principle; and various thinking skills. The first aim in constructing an achievement test is to identify the learning outcomes that are measured. It was based on the
speaking mastery of the students after conducting the teaching-learning process by using Audio-lingual Method. The students’ voices would be recorded on tape
recorder when the students perform the dialogues. Students would be asked to memorize the dialogues and then perform the dialogue.
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3.6 The procedure of the Study
