a. Positive degree , it used when two units are compared to an equal degree Example :
My book is as cheap as your book Buku saya sama murahmya dengan buku kamu
b. Comparative degree, it used when two units are compared to unequal degree.
Example : 1. My book is cheaper than your book Buku saya lebih murah dari buku kamu
2. my class is more comfortable than your class Kelas saya lebih nyaman dari pada kelas kamu
c. the superlative Degree, it is used when three units or three are compared to unequal degree.
Example : 1. My book is the cheapest book between my classmate’s books buku saya adalah buku termurah diantara buku- buku temen-teman saya
2. My class is the most comfortable class in my school Kelas saya adalah kelas yang ternyaman di sekolah saya
However, the writer only focuses on Comparative Degree to be discussed in this paper. Moreover The writer concludes that Comparative Degree is To modifies
adjectives and adverbs when we want to express the notion that a person, thing or situation has more or less of a quality which is formed grammatically by adding –er
ending to the base form short adjective or adverb of one syllable or by giving more – in beginning of the base form long adjective or adverb of more than one
syllable.
2. The Pattern of Comparative Degree
a. Comparative form of Adjective Adjective is a word indicates a quality of the person or thing referred to by a
noun
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, meanwhile, according to Merriam Webster “ adjective is a word belonging to one of the major form classes in any of great many languages, typically used as
modifier of a noun to denote a quality or extent, or to specify or designate a thing as distinct from something else
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The adjective change their form to express different degrees of quality. One of them is comparative degree. There are some groups or exceptions of comparative
form from adjective. they are :
1. one syllable adjectives. Form the comparative of a one-syllable adjective by adding –er.
One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form
Tall taller Old older
Long longer
•
Mary is taller than Max.
•
Max is older than John.
•
My hair is longer than your hair.
If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –r for the comparative form
One-Syllable Adjective with Final -e Comparative Form
Large larger
11
A.s. Honrby , “ Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary “. London; Oxford University Press 1991 p.15.
12
PhilipBadcock Merriam Webster, “ Editorial staff Webster’s Third International Dictionary of English Language Unabridged “
USA; GC,Merriam Company Publisher, 1996.p.27
One-Syllable Adjective with Final -e Comparative Form
Wise wiser
•
Marys car is larger than Maxs car.
•
Max is wiser than his brother.
If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it, double the consonant and add –er for the comparative form;
One-Syllable Adjective Ending with a Single Consonant with a Single Vowel before It
Comparative Form
Big Bigger Thin Thinner
Fat Fatter
•
My dog is bigger than your dog.
•
Max is thinner than John.
•
My mother is fatter than your mother. 2. Two-syllable adjectives.
With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more …
Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form
Peaceful more peaceful
Pleasant more pleasant
Careful more careful
Thoughtful more thoughtful
•
This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.
•
Max is more careful than Mike.
•
Jill is more thoughtful than your sister.
If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change the y to i and add –er for the comparative form.
Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -y Comparative Form
Happy happier Angry angrier
Busy busier
•
John is happier today than he was yesterday.
•
Max is angrier than Mary.
•
Mary is busier than Max.
Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, or –ow take –er to form the comparative
Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -er, -le, or -ow Comparative Form
Narrow narrower Gentle gentler
•
The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.
•
Big dogs are gentler than small dogs. 3. Adjectives with three or more syllables.
For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative with more and
Adjective with Three or More Syllables Comparative Form
Generous more generous
Important more important
Intelligent more intelligent
•
John is more generous than Jack.
•
Health is more important than money.
•
Women are more intelligent than men. Exceptions.
Irregular adjectives.
Irregular Adjective Comparative Form
Good better Bad worse
Far farther Little less
Many more
•
Italian food is better than American food.
•
My mothers cooking is worse than your mothers cooking. Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used with -er
and with more Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form
Clever cleverer
Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form
Clever more clever
Gentle gentler Gentle more
gentle Friendly friendlier
Friendly more friendly
Quiet quieter Quiet more
quiet Simple simpler
Simple more simple
•
Big dogs are gentler than small dogs..
•
Big dogs are more gentle than small dogs.
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b. Comparative Form of Adverbs An adverb is a part of speech. It is any word that modifies any other part of
language: verbs, adjectives including numbers, clauses, sentences and other adverbs, except for nouns; modifiers of nouns are primarily determiners and
adjectives. Adverbs typically answer questions such as how? or in what way?, when?
, where?, why? and to what extent?. In English, they often end in -ly.
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Here are common four kinds of adverbs, they are : 1.Adverb of place ; here, there, at home, in the office etc.
2. Adverb of time ; now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, etc..
13
www.eflnet.com
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http;en.wilkipidia.orgwikiadverb
3.adverb of frequency ; always, usually, sometimes, seldom, ever etc. 4. Adverb of manner ; Hard, well, Happily, quickly, slowly, carefully, etc.
But in this study, the writer only discussed adverb of manner.Adverb of manner is an adverb that explains the condition of verb. This adverb is divided two kinds: pure
such as well, hard , fast etc. and not pure which are usually formed by ending –ly , such as quickly, happily, slowly etc.
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In general, comparative form of adverbs is the same as for adjectives:
a. add -er to short adverbs:
Adverb Comparative hard
late fast
harder later
faster
Example:
•
Jim works harder than his brother. b. adverbs ending in -ly, use more for the comparative :
Adverb Comparative quietly
slowly seriously
more quietly more slowly
more seriously
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Drs. Ahmad Izzan and FM. Mahpuddin , How to Master English , Jakarta :Kasain Blanc, 2007 p. 148
Example:
•
The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand.
•
Could you sing more quietly please? c. Some adverbs have irregular comparative forms:
Adverb Comparative badly
far little
well
worse fartherfurther
less better
Example:
•
The little boy ran further than his friends.
•
Youre driving worse today than yesterday
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B. Role Playing in Communicative Approach
The full name of the Communicative Approach CA is The Communicative- Adaptive approach. This highlights the two most distinctive features of the CA: first,
that it is a new way to understand human emotionally-laden communications and second, that it has shown that the primary function of the emotion-processing mind is
to cope with - adapt to - immediate emotionally-charged triggering events. The communicative approach CA was developed by Robert Langs MD, In the
early 1970s. It is a new theory or paradigm of emotional life and psychoanalysis that is centered on human adaptations to emotionally-charged events--with full
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appreciation that such adaptations take place both within awareness consciously and outside of awareness unconsciously. The approach gives full credence to the
unconscious side of emotional life and has rendered it highly sensible and incontrovertible by discovering a new, validated, and deeply meaningful way of
decoding unconscious messages. This procedure-called trigger decoding--has brought forth new and highly illuminating revisions of our understanding of both emotional
life and psychotherapy, and it calls for significant changes in presently accepted psychoanalytic thinking and practice
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.
1. Principles
