5.0 1 Diurnal energy balance pattern for a sample day
0.0 5.0
10.0 15.0
20.0 25.0
30.0 35.0
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Years E n ar g y c o m su n ti o n m il li o n b ar re ls 0.0 10.020.0 30.0
40.0 50.0
60.0 70.0
80.0 P u p u la ti o n m il li o n Total final ernergy consumptionpetroleum+electricicty Total consumption of petroleum products Electricity consumption Population million persons operating cost of diesel, two other factors preferring electricity were convenience of operation and oil and tune-up costs of the diesel engine. Figure 1. Energy consumption in agricultural sector and population growth Table 1. Irrigation pumping plant equipment efficiency New 1986 Equipment Attainable efficiency percent Pumps centrifugal, turbine 75-82 Right angle pump drive gear head 95 Automotive-type engines 20-26 Industrial engines Diesel 25-37 Natural gas 24-27 Electric Small 75-85 Large 85-92 Hill 1999 suggested the general ways for reduced energy consumption in irrigation pumping plant including: 1. No pumping – revert to rain fed cropping 2. Pump perform based on water crop water requirements. 3. Evaluate irrigation system 4. Test pump operation 5. Practice flow load management 6. Use low cost energy. Overall pumping plant efficiencies for electrically driven pumps average were 45 to 55 percent based on field testing program in some states of USA, as compared to a attainable efficiency of 72 to 77 percent. This research showed about 25 percent of electrical energy used for pumping was wasted due to poor pumping plant efficiencies alone. some of the more common causes of unsatisfactory performance and their remedies are as follows: 1. Impellers that are out of adjustment. 2. Pump bowls designed for a higher pumping rate 3. Damaged impellers 4. Incorrect power unit selection 5. Failure to perform required maintenance Chavez et al., 2010. In recently years pressurized irrigation systems expand in Iran. For provide pressure these systems consume more energy than gravity systems therefore investigation of efficiency and waste energy at agricultural pumping plant in present situation and promotion ways of energy efficiency is necessary.2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
Parts
» Beliefs and Achievements of NITP
» Scope for non conventional irrigation schemes Problems in Micro Irrigation Development in Nepal
» Conclusion Project Area, Priority, Budget and Present Status
» INTRODUCTION Project Area, Priority, Budget and Present Status
» CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Water u
» MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS
» EggplantBrinjal 1. Surface subsurface drip and yield
» Lettuce Pasture Irrigation micro irrigation tehran
» For Vegetables Tomatoes Brinjal
» High density orchards Drip irrigation in Sloping Lands Shallow water tables Partial Wetting
» Deficit Irrigation Crop water stress Daily night time spray irrigation
» Economics REVIEW OF STUDIES ON TOMATOES
» NFERENCES FROM REVIEW ON TOMATOES
» REVIEW OF STUDES F MULCHING ON CHILIS
» Jain, V.K., Shukla, K.N., and Singh, P.K. 2001 ‘Response of potato under drip 168-176.
» Introduction REVIEW OF STUDIES OF MULCHING ON MelonsWatermelons
» Site description micro irrigation tehran
» Irrigation application Evapotranspiration estimation Nutrient management
» Yield Water application micro irrigation tehran
» Seasonal patterns of soil moisture
» Conclusions Yield and water use efficiency
» INTRODUCTION Yield and water use efficiency
» Soil water potential changes during the growing season
» CONCLUSION Effects at the fruit maturation stage
» CLIMATOLOGY DAM PROPERTIES IRRIGATION SYSTEM Alternative A
» Project Location Development Plan
» SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
» INTRODUCTION Description of Alternative Plans
» MATERIAN AND METHODS Description of Alternative Plans
» RESULS AND DISCUSSION Description of Alternative Plans
» Conclusions References Description of Alternative Plans
» Quality parameters Table 4 micro irrigation tehran
» INTRODUCTION and 35.8 per cent higher over control in both the crops.
» Experimental site micro irrigation tehran
» Energy balance theory at soil surface Meteorological parameters
» Energy balance measurements 24.10 78.16 2.90 42 micro irrigation tehran
» Conclusion and recommendations Diurnal energy balance pattern for a sample day
» 5.0 1 Diurnal energy balance pattern for a sample day
» MATERIAL AND METHODS Diurnal energy balance pattern for a sample day
» 34.45 13.06 38.43 45.07 Hamedan micro irrigation tehran
» Kerman Khorasan Razavi micro irrigation tehran
» DISCUSSION Provinces technical results combined
» INTRODUCTION HOW TO INTRODUCE THE PLANT, SOIL AND CONSUMED WATER PROPERTIES DATA WITH SOFTWARE
» INTERING FARM PICTURE INTO THE DRAWING SCREEN HOW TO INTRODUCE FARM TOPOGRAPHY TO THE SOFTWARE
» DRAWING NETWORK LAYOUT Provinces technical results combined
» CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS File menu
» output data Nutrient management
» Tamaab. 2004. Tamaab Database. Water Research Center. Iran. Introduction
» 78.6 90.7 The experimental site The experimental layout
» Moisture and salinity monitoring in the soil Water application
» Moisture distribution in the soil Salinity distribution in the soil Yield
» CONCLUSION REFERENCES Pistachio water productivity
» INTRODUCTION Pistachio water productivity
» MATERIALS AND METHODS Pistachio water productivity
» Coefficient of Variation micro irrigation tehran
» CONCLUSIONS References Pressure-Discharge Relationship
» Variation of Discharge Uniformity with Pressure Design and layout of drip fertigation system
» Water consumption under drip system in Muscat grapes
» Fertilizer use efficiency FUE
» Drip irrigation scheduling Total Soluble solids, Total sugar and Acidity Shot berries per cent
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