INTRODUCTION and 35.8 per cent higher over control in both the crops.
1. INTRODUCTION
Development of applied and reliable methods of measuring evapotranspiration components plays an important role in crop growth modeling and farm irrigation management. Except initial crop growth stage soil evaporation include smaller proportion of evapotranspiration and since it is not directly related to crop yield it is discarded. While it is an important loss in initial crop growth stage. Soil evaporation can be measured with different methods. In some methods soil evaporation is measured by water balance using microlysimeters conaway and Van Bavel, 1967; Boast and Robertson,1982. But there is limitations using of microlysimeters since the soil inside the microysimeter is hydraulically isolated and it may dry differently from the undisturbed around soil Ashktorab et al., 1989 and also when evaporation is small, microlysimeters don’t result correctly Ham et al.,1990. In some other methods soil evaporation is measured indirectly by measuring both evapotranspiration and crop transpiration by a reliable method and calculated from subtracting these two values. With these methods evaporation precision is dependent on the precision of the two other parameters. Furthermore by different measuring place of these two parameters correlation may not exist between the calculated and actual soil evaporation. Bowen ratio energy balance is one of the simplest and most applicable methods of latent heat flux measurement. This method has been widely used on different conditions and the results showed it is one of the reliable methods evapotranspiration measurement. In a research by Ashktorab et al, 1989, in California University, soil evaporation was measured by Bowen ratio energy balance from a bare soil. Results showed good correlation between soil evaporation measured by Bowen ratio energy balance and microlysimeter measurements. Therefore it was suggested a method for measuring soil evaporation under crop canopy Ashktorab et al, 1989. Then this method was used in other researches for measuring soil evaporation under maize canopy zeggaf et al., 2008 and tomato Ashktorab et al., 1994 and showed good results. Therefore the idea for using this method for soil evaporation measurement under conditions that other methods have limitations was made. Micro irrigation systems especially drip irrigation can reduce soil evaporation. But correct design and perfect management should be applied to reach this advantage. This issue when initial investments increase becomes important. In this regard detailed research can improve information. The aim of this research is to measure soil evaporation in surface and subsurface drip irrigation by Bowen ratio energy balance method.2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
Parts
» Beliefs and Achievements of NITP
» Scope for non conventional irrigation schemes Problems in Micro Irrigation Development in Nepal
» Conclusion Project Area, Priority, Budget and Present Status
» INTRODUCTION Project Area, Priority, Budget and Present Status
» CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Water u
» MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS
» EggplantBrinjal 1. Surface subsurface drip and yield
» Lettuce Pasture Irrigation micro irrigation tehran
» For Vegetables Tomatoes Brinjal
» High density orchards Drip irrigation in Sloping Lands Shallow water tables Partial Wetting
» Deficit Irrigation Crop water stress Daily night time spray irrigation
» Economics REVIEW OF STUDIES ON TOMATOES
» NFERENCES FROM REVIEW ON TOMATOES
» REVIEW OF STUDES F MULCHING ON CHILIS
» Jain, V.K., Shukla, K.N., and Singh, P.K. 2001 ‘Response of potato under drip 168-176.
» Introduction REVIEW OF STUDIES OF MULCHING ON MelonsWatermelons
» Site description micro irrigation tehran
» Irrigation application Evapotranspiration estimation Nutrient management
» Yield Water application micro irrigation tehran
» Seasonal patterns of soil moisture
» Conclusions Yield and water use efficiency
» INTRODUCTION Yield and water use efficiency
» Soil water potential changes during the growing season
» CONCLUSION Effects at the fruit maturation stage
» CLIMATOLOGY DAM PROPERTIES IRRIGATION SYSTEM Alternative A
» Project Location Development Plan
» SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
» INTRODUCTION Description of Alternative Plans
» MATERIAN AND METHODS Description of Alternative Plans
» RESULS AND DISCUSSION Description of Alternative Plans
» Conclusions References Description of Alternative Plans
» Quality parameters Table 4 micro irrigation tehran
» INTRODUCTION and 35.8 per cent higher over control in both the crops.
» Experimental site micro irrigation tehran
» Energy balance theory at soil surface Meteorological parameters
» Energy balance measurements 24.10 78.16 2.90 42 micro irrigation tehran
» Conclusion and recommendations Diurnal energy balance pattern for a sample day
» 5.0 1 Diurnal energy balance pattern for a sample day
» MATERIAL AND METHODS Diurnal energy balance pattern for a sample day
» 34.45 13.06 38.43 45.07 Hamedan micro irrigation tehran
» Kerman Khorasan Razavi micro irrigation tehran
» DISCUSSION Provinces technical results combined
» INTRODUCTION HOW TO INTRODUCE THE PLANT, SOIL AND CONSUMED WATER PROPERTIES DATA WITH SOFTWARE
» INTERING FARM PICTURE INTO THE DRAWING SCREEN HOW TO INTRODUCE FARM TOPOGRAPHY TO THE SOFTWARE
» DRAWING NETWORK LAYOUT Provinces technical results combined
» CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS File menu
» output data Nutrient management
» Tamaab. 2004. Tamaab Database. Water Research Center. Iran. Introduction
» 78.6 90.7 The experimental site The experimental layout
» Moisture and salinity monitoring in the soil Water application
» Moisture distribution in the soil Salinity distribution in the soil Yield
» CONCLUSION REFERENCES Pistachio water productivity
» INTRODUCTION Pistachio water productivity
» MATERIALS AND METHODS Pistachio water productivity
» Coefficient of Variation micro irrigation tehran
» CONCLUSIONS References Pressure-Discharge Relationship
» Variation of Discharge Uniformity with Pressure Design and layout of drip fertigation system
» Water consumption under drip system in Muscat grapes
» Fertilizer use efficiency FUE
» Drip irrigation scheduling Total Soluble solids, Total sugar and Acidity Shot berries per cent
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