all of those aspects should be taught communicatively through conversation, drilling, expert guidance, and critical listening.
4.4.15.3 Error correction
In a learning process, making mistakes is considered as a normal process. Therefore, the teachers need to correct the mistakes using various techniques. Inu
distinguishes error correction based on the mistake. He does error correction in conversation in four ways. They are classically right away, classically delayed,
individually right away, and individually delayed.
Sometimes classically I do error correction after the students finish doing the task but sometimes I also do direct error correction in the process of doing
the task Inu, A79.
In the observation, Observation 2 09.55 the researcher found out he checked either
group or individual performance to make the students ready in the real performance. He gave feedback and input toward their pronunciation, expression, mimic, gesture,
and tone. Anggi with her interest in psychology does error correction indirectly. In her
point of view, correcting errors can be regarded not as a fully correction but an input given flexibly. Classical error should be corrected classically and individual error
should be corrected individually as well.
It depends on the mistake. If the mistakes will be epidemic in the class, sorry I would like to interrupt you for a while, I will I want to give you a kind
of input. It is not correction but it is a kind of input, just because I really care about you... Anggi, A135.
Besides, the researcher also saw in Observation 1 08.50 that
Sometimes she corrected students‟ mistakes classically and individually especially about the word forms Observation 1, 08.50.
From the previous description, it can be summed up that being a good teacher
should be able to treat students‟ mistake as a normal process and be flexible in correcting the mistakes. Correcting n error does not mean blaming and crossing the
errors. It is more on giving the positive input that may encourage betterment. In relation to the techniques, there are four kinds of corrections can be taken flexibly,
namely classically right away, classically delayed, individually right away, and individually delayed
. The teachers‟ beliefs about error correction are in line with the theory stated by Loewen 2007. He mentions that in correcting error, the teacher can
do recasting reformulating a student‟s incorrect utterance while maintaining the
central meaning of the utterance, prompting teacher does not provide the correct form but rather attempts to get the student to self-correct, and provision of meta
linguistic information regarding the error that is showing the error directly.
4.4.16 Language skills 4.4.16.1 Listening
