concerning life is The Four Noble Truth, it explains the essence of Buddhism view of life 5:
2.1.3.1 The Four Noble Truths
According to Fraser in the Pali Tipitaka, the Four Noble Truths were the first teaching of Gautama Buddha after attaining Nirvana. They are sometimes
considered as containing the essence of the Buddhas teachings of life:
1. Life is or leads to sufferinguneasiness dukkha in one way or another.
2. Samudya is the origin of dukkha Suffering, is caused by craving
tanha or attachments to worldly pleasures of all kinds. This is often expressed as a deluded clinging to a certain sense of existence, to selfhood,
or to the things or phenomena that we consider the cause of happiness or unhappiness.
3. Nirodhais the cessation of Dukkha, suffering ends when craving ends,
when one is freed from desire. This is achieved by eliminating all delusion, thereby reaching a liberated state of Enlightenment bodhi;
4. Magga is the way leading to cessation of Dukkha. Reaching this
liberated state is achieved by following the path laid out by the Buddha16
First noble truth is Dukkha, it is a suffering, pain, impermanence; it is the unsatisfactory quality of life which is targeted. Life is often overwhelmed with
sorrow and trouble, and even at its best, is never completely fulfilling. We always want more happiness, less pain, but this “wanting more” is itself the problem. The
second noble truth teaches that the pain of life is caused by “tanha” our cravings, our attachments, our selfish, and greedy after pleasure and avoiding pain. The
third noble truth says a complete release from attachment or detach from dukkha is possible, a liberation from pain and rebirth. The fourth noble truth tells how to
attain this liberation.
Life and death was considered by the Buddha as a cycle that was an effect of craving and attachment. Mullin said The Buddhist conception of this cycle not
only relates to the birth and death of entities, but also relates to every moment of a beings life. Each moments consciousness is said to be a product of the fading
out and re-arising of a previous moments consciousness. The present mind is thus a unit born from the death of the last moments mind 18.
Early Buddhism was concerned with the problem of all types of suffering, especially the suffering caused by aging and death. According to Buddhism, the
root of all types of suffering, including grief and fear of death, was the desire for unchangeableness in a world in which all things were continually changing.
Human beings themselves were seen as examples of constant change, part of a field of causes and effects which formed the world.
The Buddha perceived the dissatisfaction of suffering in the continual cycling and realized that if craving did not arise neither would birth, aging,
sickness and death. The goal of the Buddhist is to attain Nibbana or Nirvana which is supposed to be unconditioned and therefore free from suffering. To do
this the Buddha recommended developing mindfulness, morality, concentration,
wisdom and non-attachment and so breaks the links in the cycle of birth and death.
2.1.3.2 The Noble Eightfold Path
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