Introduction xerophyte then on a comparison between four stations for different groups of fauna, focusing on insects.
1. Introduction xerophyte then on a comparison between four stations for different groups of fauna, focusing on insects.
The objective of this study is to understand the Finally, factor analysis of correspondence is faunal diversity of this plant drought-tolerant on one
discussed.
hand and to detect characteristics of species subservient on the other. The authors consider it
2. Materials and Methods
useful to compare the results with other plants adapting to the same conditions. 2.1 Choice of Plant Material
Little work has been done on wildlife Chamaerops, Plante shrub is often called palm-dwarf exceeding 1 m the associated malacofaune Chamaerops humilis [1-3],
tall (Fig.1). It generally grows to clump. The root is the insect fauna [4-7] and invertebrate fauna [8].
deep and pivoting. The trunk or stipe is often short,
A study of wildlife bioecological subservient to bulbiforme. The leaves are persistent grouped at the doum palm, also known as dwarf, is carried out in
top of stipe. They are in the form of segments four stations Mansourah zone in the region of
lanceolated. The inflorescences are generally Tlemcen. Before discussing the results, it is necessary
composed spadices.
to describe the host plant and give the methodology of The fruit is a yellowish or reddish bay of variable work.
size.
The results focus first on the inventory of the The systematic of this plant species is: different animal species encountered on this plant
Embranchement spermaphytes under embranchement angiosperms;
Corresponding author : Damerdji Amina, Dr, M.C.A., research fields: malacology, entomology and ecology. E-mail:
Class monocotyledons;
Contribution of Study Bioecology of the Fauna Chamaerops
humilis in the Region of Tlemcen (Algeria)
Order palmales (spadiciflores); doum presents utilitarian aspects in the manufacture of Family palmaceae;
baskets, hats, ropes and shoes.
Genre chamaerops;
2.2 Choice Stations Study
Genre species Chamaerops humilis subsp argentea;
To accomplish this work, the authors prospected Name vulgar palm-dwarf;
four stations in the area Mansourah (Fig. 2). The Arabic name doom.
chosen stations are described in Table 1. The doum is a kind of Monocotyledone in the
The transects plants are made for each station to Mediterranean region. It grows to the state in
determine the approximate percentage of recovery by spontaneous matorrals. It prefers limestone substrates.
this plant.
It meets next stages bioclimatic at various altitudes. Tlemcen taken as a reference station between 1998 This species is rich in plant materials carbohydrate, fat
and 1999 lies in the floor bioclimatic semi-arid and alkaloids. In addition, its high ornamental value,
temperate winter.
2.3 Methodology
The experimental protocol produced for the four stations is the same.
The samplings conducted from are distributed June 2003 and March 2004 in 16 samples. It is obvious that we use methods easy to implement but provide sufficient results. The shells of molluscs are harvested by hand. Regarding insects and according to their mode of locomotion (theft, walking…), we use traditional hunting methods (insect nets…) and trapping methods (insect - Myriapodes - Arachnida)
Fig. 1 Morphology of clumps’ Chamaerops humilis.
Pots-traps are placed at the foot of a tuft at its.
Fig. 2a Geographical situation for stations of Chamaerops humilis in the zone of Tlemcen.
Contribution of Study Bioecology of the Fauna Chamaerops
humilis in the Region of Tlemcen (Algeria)
Station (1) Station (2)
Station (3) Station (4)
Fig. 2b Photos station of Chamaerops humilis.
Table 1 Data on soil and botanical 4 stations prospecting.
Stations studied Slope, %
CaCO 3 , % Recovery of Chamaerops, % Station (1)
Altitude, m Humidity, % Nature of soil
15-25 Station (2)
20-30 Station (3)
20-25 Station (4)
1-5
10.5 Limono-clay and sandy
12.5 Limono-clay and sandy
2.60-3.83
30-40
periphery and between two clumps. The yellow color (middle + species) and analyze relations and remains attractive for the majority of insects Pterygota
species-middle (station) in the form of liaison between (Hymenoptera-Hemiptera).
modalities [18].
2.3.1 Methods Used for Inventory After projection additional individuals who The species caught are brought in bottles of hunting
revealed in the form of dispersion in the various plans and killed with ethyl acetate. The fragile insects are
under consideration (or Gauss curves along an axis), pinned on etaloirs. We use the binocular microscope
identify and compare the ecological niches of species to determine the small forms.
caught.
As far as molluscs, the determination of gastropods were made by us and this from conchyliologiques
3. Results and Discussion
characters.
3.1 Inventory of Harvested Species of Fauna Regarding the other groups, various documents are
consulted for arachnids [9, 10], insects [11-13, 15] and The values of wealth specific groups of fauna are the vertebrates (reptiles and birds) [14, 16, 17].
given in the following Table 2.
2.3.2 Analysis Factorial Correspondence In the part of Invertebrates, There are only three The species caught may form presence-absence be
classes are Vertebrates. The arthropodo fauna remains regarded as its setting, treating an array of statements
the largest species richness with a gathering of 111
Contribution of Study Bioecology of the Fauna Chamaerops
humilis in the Region of Tlemcen (Algeria)
arachnïdea, including myriapoda and insects.
species).
The large number of insects Pterygota is represented
3.2 Relative Importance of Different Groups by 10 orders namely beetles, wasps, lepidoptera, diptera, Harvested in the Station Doum orthoptera, dermaptera, mantoptera, hemiptera,
The relative abundances different groups of fauna
phasmidoptera and odonaptera.
harvested in 4 stations are given in Fig. 4.
3.4 Factor Analysis Correspondence (A.F.C)
3.3 Relative Groups’ Entomofauniques in 4 Stations Doum
The table presence-absence, has enabled us to establish this analysis. We noted:
A contribution to the total inertia (percentage are Pterygota and only 5 are non-winged insects,
The entomofauna includes 97 species of which 92
explained by the main axes):
(Collembola with 3 species and Thysanoura with 2
Axe 1 = 35.73%;
Table 2 Value of wealth specific groups of fauna harvested in the doum in 4 stations.
Groups faunistiques
Number of species
Gasteropoda
Arachnoïdea
Coleoptera 22 Hymenoptera
Hemiptera 2 Phasmidoptera
Odonaptera
Reptilia
Vertebrata Aves 1 Mamalia 1
Total
Fig. 3 Relative abundance of different groups of fauna harvested in stations doum.
Contribution of Study Bioecology of the Fauna Chamaerops
humilis in the Region of Tlemcen (Algeria)
Fig .4 Relative importance of different groups of fauna harvested in 4 stations.
Fig. 5 Relative importance of different groups entomofauniques harvested in 4 stations.
Contribution of Study Bioecology of the Fauna Chamaerops
humilis in the Region of Tlemcen (Algeria)
Fig. 6 a: Plot groups’ fauna, (axe 1-2 lines); b: Plot groups’ fauna, (axe 1-3 lines); c: Plot groups’ fauna, (axe 2-3 lines).
Contribution of Study Bioecology of the Fauna Chamaerops
humilis in the Region of Tlemcen (Algeria)
Axe 2 = 32.66%; with a 1% greater than 50. Other species involved Axe 3 = 31.60%;
lower.
Axe 4 = 0. This led us to consider the axis 2: The three axes 1, 2 and 3 are sufficient for this
Grouping (G)
analysis, the settlement fauna contributes to a Brachycerus sp. (45); Arctia caja (60); Vanessa relatively inertia explained for each theme:
atalanta (77); Rheidol pallidula (80); Vespula The species contribute differently to the formation
germanica (90); Mus musculus (136) with 72.72% for of the axis 1. We selected:
one.
Grouping (A)
Grouping (F)
Archelix polita punctatiana (5); Timarcha Latrodectus sp. (24); Archelix wagneri (7); tenebricosa (40); Pollema rudis (100) with 91.97%
Phrynichus reniformis (22); Sminthrus viridis (42); for one.
Spercheus emarginatus (62); sp. not determined
Grouping (B)
(Lepidoptera) (64); Anthocharis cardammes (68); Sphincterochila candidissima (1); Eobania
Camponotus ligniperda (83); Vespa crabo (88); vermiculata (8); Euparypha pisana (9); Meloe sp. (44);
Chamaemya aridella (104); Oedipoda coerulescens Polyommatus icarus (74); Camponotus sp. (84);
sulfurescens (114); Sphingonotus rubescens (117); Polistes gallicus (89); sp. of Hymenoptera (not
Lygaeus militaris (127); Carausius morosus (128); specified) (94); Pezotettix giournai (110); Acrotylis
Chameleon sp. (130).
patruelis (12); Ameles nana (125) with 87.92% for Other species involved so low with a lower one.
percentage to 50%.
Grouping (C)
The axis 3 also contributes by its inertia lowest Helicella (Cernuella) virgata (12); Helicella
compared with other axes.
(Xerovera) globuloïdea (17); Collembo podurata (35); We note that 3 species of molluscs and a kind of Lepisma saccharina (37); Otiorrhynchus sp. (50);
Coleoptera have a high percentage about 92 (group H) Lycaena phlaeas (72); Cataglyphis bicolor (82);
Macularia hieroglyphicula (3), Helicella Sphex ingeus (87); Leptomydas corsicanus (102);
or
(Trochoides) cretica (15), Rumina decollata (18), Fristalis Tenax (105) with 85.27% for one.
Agriotes obscurus (58). Five other species are
Grouping (D)
involved with a lower percentage slightly above 50%. Machilis sp. (36); Gryllus sp. (121); Sphodromantis
And all other species have a percentage that does not lineola (124) three species with 71.20% for one.
go beyond 46%. The species of fauna by their They participate on the axis 1 and 3 in station 1 and
different characteristics and 4 stations studied
3 in which this group of species specific separately participate in the formation of axes 1, 2 and characterization depends on these two stations
3. In addition, the particular case of the station 2 vis-à-vis climate and especially the vegetation.
shows its participation significant groupings of 3 axes.
Grouping (E)
Groupings (A), (E) and (C), 3 groups are to the Helix (Alabastrina) soluta (10); Chrysomela
right and the group (D) to the left corresponding to americana (38); Mylabris duodecimpunctata (43);
differences in microclimate and vegetation of the first Utethesia (Deiopeia) pulchella (63); Colias hyale (67);
station (Complex university), It is an environment Thereva plebeia (103); Pyrgomorpha conica (108);
where the rate of recovery of Chamaerops humilis Forficula auricularia (122); Lacerta sp. (133);
between 15% and 25%, with a rate of limestone All these species listed contribute strongly in line
(CaCO 3 ) less important (0.57% to 1.05%) is a
Contribution of Study Bioecology of the Fauna Chamaerops
humilis in the Region of Tlemcen (Algeria)
relatively less humid. The grouping (F) with a stations of Ampelodesma mauritanicum [19]. percentage ranging between 66.52% and 68.04%