The process of the cycles can be described in the gaph below:
P : Planning O : Observation
A : Action R : Reflection
Carr and Kemmis, 2004: 186
3.1.1 Planning
This phase explains about what, why, when, where , by whom, and how the action will be done. In this research, I prepared the materials about narrative and the
tenses used in the text, the number of questions that would be used as a guideline for students in writing the text, and the test used to measure the students
achievement. The materials and the questions prepared would be given as a treatment for
the studenent, while the tests would be given to measure the improvement of the students’ writing skill in writing narrative text.
3.1.2 Action
The next phase is the action, that is the implementation of planning in the action research. In this phase, I did some activities as follows:
Cycle I P
A
O R
Cycle II P
A
O R
3.1.2.1 Pre-test
Pre-test is done to know the basic knowledge of the students that is the ability of the tents grade students of MA Al Asror in writing narrative text. In this activity, I
asked the students to write the narrative text about the story I had prepared before.
3.1.2.2 Cycle I
The second activity is the first cycle that consists of four phases; planning, action, observation, and reflection. In this activity I gave a treatment to the students. The
treatment given was a number of WH-question as guidelines for the students when they wrote their narrative text.
First, I explained the materials about the narrative text. While explaining the narrative text, I gave the materials about Past Tense since the language feature
of narrative text uses past tense. I emphasized the explanation on the generic structure of narrative text, and then made a number of sequential questions based
on that structure. After the students understood about the materials, I gave the example of narrative text and explained the vocabulary of the text and the
structure through sequential question. I continued the activity by giving practice to the students. In this activity, I guided the students by using the sequential
question. At the end of this activity, I would give a test in order to know the significant differences of the students in writing narrative text before and after
given a treatment by comparing the result of the pre test and the test given after treatment.
By giving a treatment, I hope there is significant improvement of the students’ ability in writing narrative text before and after given a treatment.
3.1.2.3 Cycle II
The next activity is Cycle II. This activity is almost the same as the cycle I, which is done in the previous activity. It also consists of planning, action, observation,
and reflection. The second cycle is done as the revision of the first cycle. I completed the materials given in the previous meeting and reviewed the materials,
which had not been understood by the students. In this cycle, I also gave a writing test like in the previous meeting, which
was done at the last activity. The test is done in order to know whether the treatment given to the students works or not. In this test, the students were asked
to write the narrative text about the famous story they had heard as they done in the pre-test. If the result of pre-test and post-test have significant differences, it
means that the treatment given to the students has an effect in the process of writing narrative by the students.
3.1.3 Observation
The observation is done during the conducting of research. I investigated all of things during the teaching and learning process related to the students’ enthusiasm
during the lesson, their response, their ability in doing exercises, and their achievement in doing the tests. This observation is used in order to correct the
previous activity and plan the strategy that will be done in the next activity.
3.1.4 Reflection
Reflection aims at assessing the result of the action done by the researcher to the students. The result will be the consideration to move on to the next step in order
to revise the previous step. The result of the first cycle of this research had not been good enough. The
result of the test given at the end of the first cycle had not reached the target of achievement although it was higher that the result of the post test. Moreover, the
students had not understood the whole materials given at the previous meeting. There were also many mistakes done by the students in doing the test. Therefore, I
continued the activity by conducting the second cycle.
3.2 Subject of the Study
In this study, I applied the question-word questions in teaching narrative text to the senior high school students in writing narrative text. The subject of this study
was the tenth grade of senior high school students class X.A at MA Al-Asror Patemon, Semarang in academic year 2009-2010. I chose this class since I found
that the students of class X.A had difficulty in writing narrative text. They could not convey the ideas in their mind in the form of narrative writing.
3.3 Procedure of Data Collection
I took the tenth graders of class X.A of MA Al Asror, Patemon, Semarang in the academic year 20092010 as the subject of the research. In this research, the
students did some activities; those were pre test, cycle I, and cycle II. In those activities, I gave three tests to the students, pretest, formative test that was given at
