Context Review of Related Studies

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2.6 Context

Context is characteristic outside of the text. Context helped us to know when the conversation was created and what are the reason of speaker produces her or his utterance. Context is helpful for some of people to catch the literally meaning by speaker’s say. Moreover, some speakers could not produce the utterances without knowing the context. So that why, context is really important in the interpretation of sentence. Hymes in Wootton1975:44, states the use of linguistic form identifies a range of meaning. A context can support a range of meaning. When a form is used in a context it eliminates the meaning possible to that context other than those the form can signal: the context eliminates from consideration the meaning possible to the form other than those the context can support. Nunan states context as a situation that gives rise to a discourse and it is within the discourse. So, different chance means different context.

2.7 Review of Related Studies

This study focuses on the flouting of the conversational maxims. The writer uses Grice’s theory of cooperative principle 1975 as the basic in this analysis.Flouting is deliberate and apparent violation of maxims. Grundy 2000:78 states that flouting maxim is a particularly salient way of getting an addressee to draw an inference and hence recover an implicature thus there is a trade-off between abiding by maxims. Flouting used always creat conversation digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsb become disconnected, too much information, lies and ambigu in habitual communication. Thereby,based on explanation above the writer relate this study use those filed with some previous study that have similararea but focus of this study is different. At 2013, Setyoko Cahyo Dwi Putro and Emalia analyzed about Flouting The Quality Maxim In Baby Milk Slogans Shown On Tv Advertisements. Based on cooperative principle in his analysis that study found four reasons for flouting the quality maxim in English baby milk slogans shown on Indonesian TV advertisements ,they are: interestingness, increasing the force of the messageeffectiveness, competing goals and politeness. Weakness of this study is only using quality maxim in baby milk slogans. Whereas, this slogan also supported by quantity maxim, manner and relevant. At 2013, Lailil Julia Afsa doing research entittled Study Of Flouting Maxim Found In Some Cosmopolitan Advertisement Slogans. Based on her research that advertisement does not briefs enough if the readers do not know the context, less informative, lack of evidence, and one of them is no direct relevance to the product. It happens due to the intention of making the slogan short. Consequently, producers sacrifice information, relevance, clarity, and believability. Context is needed in analyzing the hidden meaning of the slogan. Without knowing the context of the slogan, the readers will have a difficulty in understanding the meaning of the slogan related to the product that is advertised. digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsb The hidden meaning of the slogan always brings the intention to promote the product and to persuade the customers to buy it. his study, the writer intends to identify the type of conversational maxims flouted in the advertisement slogans and to find out themeanings of the sloga ns based on Grice’s implicature theory . At 2013, Praisya Jovani K. M analyzed about Flouting And Hedging Maxims In Bbc Podcast The English We Speak Taken From Bbc Learning English here are 37 utterances containing flouting maxims, which maxim of quantity takes the dominance as shown in 17 utterances. The speakers benefit from rhetorical strategies, such as irony, metaphor, tautology, overstatement and understatement to communicate the implied meaning. Second, 120 utterances of hedging maxims are found. Most speakers express uncertainty and inexactitude regarding the truth or their utterances so that hedges are used to avoid breaking the maxim also to minimize the imposition that may occur. As a result, 74 utterances are said to hedge the maxim of quality. Overlapping incidence between flouting and hedging maxims also can be found referring that the speaker hopes the listener to interpret the meaning and to feel the speaker’s hesitation all at once so that a proper response can be derived. At 2013, Niclas Andresen analyzed about Flouting the maxims in comedy: An analysis of flouting in the comedy series Community. This paper explores how flouting of the Gricean maxims isused to create comedy in the television series Community. The aim of the paper is to find out what maxims are floutedthe most to create comedy and what maxims the different characters flout in order to create comedy. The paper examines the use of flouts in different situations and explores digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsb inwhat situations the different characters flout the maxims for comedy. The paper is based on transcription of eight episodes of the series. The results show that the maxim of quantity was flouted most often, and some characters used more flouts than others. These results suggest that the use of flouts has to do with their different personalities, which is why some characters did not use as many flouts in order to create comedy, since it would not be in line with their personality. Based on another researchers that had been defined, study of Grice’s theory used by some research. Most of the object of those studies are TV and newspaper. Meanwhile, this study analyzed different object. It is testimony often used by some online shop to persuade customer. Object in Testimony might become the newest object in this field. Not only the object, this tudy also relate flouting maxim with the four maxims, they are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of manner and maxim of relation. Then, the related study as in Setyoko only focuses on Flouting maxim of quality, while Lailil Julia only focuses on types of flouting maxim. Praisya Jovani only focused on Flouting maxim of quantity, but her study increase more in hedging. Niclas focused on the maxim that often flouted by some characters. It means, that this study includes all of study above. ✟ ✠ ✡☛☞ ☛✌ ☛ ✍ . ✎ ☛ ✏✑✍✒ . ✓✔ . ☛✡ ✡☛☞ ☛✌ ☛ ✍ . ✎ ☛ ✏✑✍✒ . ✓✔ . ☛✡ ✡☛ ☞ ☛ ✌☛ ✍ . ✎ ☛ ✏✑✍✒ . ✓✔ . ☛✡ ✡☛☞ ☛✌ ☛ ✍ . ✎ ☛ ✏✑✍✒ . ✓✔ . ☛✡ ✡☛☞ ☛✌ ☛ ✍ . ✎ ☛ ✏✑✍ CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD In this part, the writer discusses research method. It consists of research approach, data source, data, data collection, research instruments, and data analysis.

3.1 Research Approach