DATA COLLECTION AND FOLLOW-UP

✁ ✂ ✄ ☎ ✁ ✆ ✝ ✞ ✟ ✄ ✠ ✁ ✆ ✠ ✁ ✡ ✞ ☛ ✂ ✁ ✂ ✄ ☛ ✂ ✄ ✠ ☛ ☞ ✌ ✍ ☞ ✜ ★ Session 2: Question and answer ‡ LVFXVVLRQRQGDWDHQWU\DQGFRGLQJLVVXHVDIWHUFOHDQLQJDQGUHYLHZLQJWKHGHPRHQWULHV ‡ 8SGDWHRQWKHFRGLQJUXOHV 2.5.2 Quality check on data entry Double data entry was incorporated as part of the quality check on data. This form of quality check has been recommended and known to correct data entry errors from the original entry. 1 Double data entry was done for approximately 10.0 of the total entries in two batches where batch 1 was completed in November 2012 and batch 2 in February 2013. The selection of clinics for the double entry was random and data entry personnel were blinded towards the double data entry process. Type of entry Number of forms Single data entry 11,220 Double data entry 1,377 RUHDFKEDWFKRIGRXEOHGDWDHQWU\DOOGLVFUHSDQFLHVEHWZHHQWKHÀUVWDQGVHFRQGVHWRIUHFRUGVZHUH YHULÀHG E\ FKHFNLQJ HLWKHU ZLWK WKH RULJLQDO IRUPV RU WKH FRGLQJ GHÀQLWLRQV 7UXH HQWU\ HUURUV ZHUH LGHQWLÀHGDQGDFRUUHFWWKLUGUHFRUGZDVXSGDWHGLQWRWKHGDWDEDVH7KHSHUFHQWDJHRIGDWDHQWU\HUURU for each available variable was then calculated. The maximum data entry error percentage from each batch was then compared. Table 2.2: Data entry error rate for NMCS 2012 Variable Data entry error Batch 1 Batch 2 Coded variables ICPC code 5.85 8.96 ATC code 0.23 5.28 Non-coded variables Visit disposition 7.63 0.87 Gender 5.02 1.84 The two variables for the non-coding section were the variables with the highest data entry error rate for batch 1. There was marked improvement in error rate for these variables from batch 1 to batch 2. Increase of data entry error rate for the coded variables can be attributed to recruitment of new data entry personnel, resulting in more variation in coding. Most of the coding errors were systematic errors; data entry personnel had a misconception of the way a certain diseasemedication is coded, thus making a repetitive error of the same nature. There does not appear to be a general consensus of acceptable data entry error rate worldwide. Previous study has shown that error rates detected by double-entry method for clinical databases were 2.3 to 5.2 demographic data and 10.0 to 26.9 treatment data. 2 Similarly, Fontaine P et al. reported an overall rate of 7.3 for data entry strategies used in clinical trial. 3 ✁ ✂ ✄ ☎ ✁ ✆ ✝ ✞ ✟ ✄ ✠ ✁ ✆ ✠ ✁ ✡ ✞ ☛ ✂ ✁ ✂ ✄ ☛ ✂ ✄ ✠ ☛ ☞ ✌ ✍ ☞ ✜ ✩ All the errors which were detected coded and non-coded were corrected by referring to the original forms and by discussion among the investigators and the Research Evaluation Committee. Further systematic checks were also conducted during data cleaning to ensure validity and reliability of the data. A protocol with validation rules for cleaning as well as data inconsistency rules was created for data cleaning. ODVVLÀFDWLRQRIGDWDDWDFRGLQJ ,QWHUQDWLRQDOODVVLÀFDWLRQRI3ULPDU\DUH,3 7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO ODVVLÀFDWLRQ RI 3ULPDU\ DUH 6HFRQG GLWLRQ ,3 ZDV XVHG WR FODVVLI\ WKH following data elements: ‡ 5HDVRQVIRUHQFRXQWHU ‡ LDJQRVHV ‡ ,QYHVWLJDWLRQV ‡ 3URFHGXUHV ‡ GYLFHFRXQVHOOLQJ The ICPC-2 is accepted by the World Health Organization WHO as a member of the WHO Family of ,QWHUQDWLRQDOODVVLÀFDWLRQV 4 It was published in 1987 by the World Organisation of Family Doctors :21DQGXVHGLQPRUHWKDQFRXQWULHVDVWKHVWDQGDUGIRUGDWDFODVVLÀFDWLRQLQSULPDU\FDUH The ICPC-2 has a bi-axial structure, with 17 chapters based on body systems and seven components with rubrics bearing a letter and two-digit numeric code. ICPC-2 Chapters A General R Respiratory B Blood, immune system S Skin D Digestive T Endocrine, nutritional metabolic F Eye U Urological H Ear W Women’s health, pregnancy, family planning K Circulatory X Female genital L Musculoskeletal Y Male genital N Neurological Z Social problems P Psychological ICPC-2 Components Code 1. Complaints and symptoms 01 - 29 2. Diagnostics, screening and preventive 30 - 49 3. Medication, treatment, procedures 50 - 59 4. Test results 60 - 61 5. Administrative 62 6. Referrals 63 - 69 7. Diagnoses, disease infectious, neoplastic, injuries, congenital, other 70 - 99