Removing fuel subsidies and expanding contributory revenues are two of the many alternatives that countries have to expand
fiscal space for social protection. Other options are explained in the pape , Fis al spa e fo so ial protection: Options to expand
so ial i est e ts i ou t ies .
7. References
Beaton, C.; Lontoh, L. 2010. Lessons learned from Indonesia`s attempts to reform fossil-fuel subsidies Winnipeg, International
Institute for
Sustainable Development.
Available at:
www.iisd.orgpdf2010lessons_indonesia_fossil_fuel_reform.p df [31 Aug. 2016].
Be de , K.; K oss, J. . “o ial p ote tio efo i
I do esia. I sea h of u i e sal o e age , i P a titio e s Perspectives, Part 4, pp. 327-338.
Hidayat, B.; Mu diha o; Ně e , J.; ‘a o skaja, V.; ‘oza a,
C.S.; Spatz, J. 2015. Financial sustainability of Indonesian health insurance Jakarta, Indonesian-German Social Protection
Programme SPP. Huck-ju, K.; Woo-
i , K. . The e olutio of ash t a sfe s in
I do esia: Poli t a sfe a d atio al adaptatio , i Asia the Pa ifi Poli “tudies, Vol. , No. , pp.
-440. Sumarto, S.; Bazzi, S. 2011. Social protection in Indonesia: Past
experiences and lessons for the future, Paper presented at the 2011 Annual Bank Conference on Development Opportunities
ABCDE jointly organized by the World Bank and OECD, 30 May- 1 June 2011, Paris.
World Bank. 2012. Indonesia social assistance program and public expenditure review Jakarta.
13 .
Myanmar: National dialogue process
21
The Assessment-based National Dialogue ABND process in Myanmar helped to develop a consensus on the picture of the
existing social protection situation in the country. This included identification of social protection schemes administered by the
central Government, challenges, policy recommendations and their estimated costs. The process encompassed several national
dialogue workshops which debated and decided on concrete policy recommendations to establish a social protection floor
SPF in Myanmar. The ABND process conducted during 2013-15 convened a wide
range of social protection stakeholders, such as:
Ministries of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement; Labour, Employment and Social Security; Health;
Finance; Education; Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development; National Planning and Economic
Development; and Home Affairs;
o ke s a d e plo e s ep ese tati es;
development agencies, such as ILO, IOM, UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF, UNOPS, WHO, WFP, JICA, World
Bank; non-governmental organizations NGOs; and
research institutions.
21
This chapter was authored by Lou Tessier of the ILO and reviewed by Valérie Schmitt and Loveleen De of the ILO. It was first published in
September 2016.
1. Main lessons learned
The ABND process helped to define the SPF in Myanmar and provide inputs to the National Social Protection
Strategic Plan, policy discussions on the Rural Development Strategic Framework and universal health
coverage.
At the time of conducting the ABND, Myanmar was in a post-conflict setting and undergoing a transition to full
democracy. Against this backdrop, the ABND successfully facilitated participatory dialogue on social
policy among ministries and development partners.
The cost of providing an SPF to all people in the country was estimated, which can form a basis for prioritizing
the policy recommendations and exploring the mobilization of fiscal resources.
The ABND was harmonized with other social protection activities undertaken in Myanmar, such as the World
Ba k s so ial p ote tio i e to . This e ou aged collaboration between development partners under the
auspices of the Social Protection Inter-Agency Cooperation Board SPIAC-B, based on mutual
synergies.
2. What was the ABND process and its outcomes?
Step 1 – Building the assessment matrix: The ABND assessment
matrix was prepared based on an inventory of social protection schemes developed by the World Bank. The matrix describes the
social protection schemes in Myanmar that are administered by the central Government and compares them with the SPF
guarantees to identify gaps and challenges. The matrix was reviewed at the first national dialogue workshop
held 23-25 March 2014. The outcome of the workshop was a consensus on the social protection provisions in Myanmar, gaps
in coverage, implementation issues and policy recommendations
