Qishah al-ifki fil qur'an min khilal tafsir al-qur'an al-azhim li ibnu katsir wa tafsir al-munir lil duktur wahbah az-zuhaily
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ
ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ
ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠ
) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ(
ﺒﺤﺙ
ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻻﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ
ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ) ( S.S.I
ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ :
ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺒﺔ/ﻝﻨﺩﺍ ﺴﻠﻔﻴﺎﻨﺎ
ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺩ106060002135 :
ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴ
ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ
ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ
2011ﻡ 1432 /ﻫـ
QISHAH AL-IFKI MIN KHILAL TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN
AL-AZIM LI IBNU KATSIR WA TAFSIR AL-MUNIR
LI WAHBAH AZ-ZUHAILI
Skripsi
Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah Untuk
Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana
Studi Islam (S.S.I)
Oleh:
Linda Silviana
NIM : 106060002135
FAKULTAS DIRASAT ISLAMIYAH
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA
1432 H / 2011 M
ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ
ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ
) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ(
ﺒﺤﺙ
ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻻﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ) ( S.S.I
ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ :
ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺒﺔ /ﻝﻨﺩﺍ ﺴﻠﻔﻴﺎﻨﺎ
ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺩ106060002135 :
ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ :
ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﻨﻔﻲ
ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ
2011ﻡ 1432 /ﻫـ
QISHAH AL-IFKI MIN KHILAL TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN
AL-AZIM LI IBNU KATSIR WA TAFSIR AL-MUNIR
LI WAHBAH AZ-ZUHAILI
Skripsi Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana Studi Islam (S.S.I)
Oleh:
Linda Silviana
NIM : 106060002135
Pembimbing:
Dr. Muchlis M Hanafi, MA
FAKULTAS DIRASAT ISLAMIYAH UNIVERSITAS ISLAM
NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA
1432 H / 2011 M
ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﲤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺪﺍ ﺳﻠﻔﻴﺎﻧﺎ ،ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ) (S.S.Iﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ:
"ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ
ﺍﻟﺰﺣﻴﻠﻲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ("
ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺟﺪﺍ .ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ 24ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2011ﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ 19ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ
1432ﻫـ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ،ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ:
ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺗﺎ
ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ /ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ
)(..........................
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ
ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ /ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﺍ
)(..........................
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳐﻠﺺ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﻨﻔﻲ
ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ /ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺎ
)(..........................
ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ /ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎ
)(..........................
ﻋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ /ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎ
)(..........................
ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻴﻡ
ﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ
ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﻨﺤﻤﺩﻩ ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻐﻔﺭﻩ ﻭﻨﻌﻭﺫ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻭﺭ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻨﺎ ،ﻤﻥ ﻴﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻼ ﻤﻀل ﻝﻪ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﻴﻀﻠل ﻓﻼ ﻫﺎﺩﻯ
ﻝﻪ ،ﺃﺸﻬﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻝﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺤﺩﻩ ﻻ ﺸﺭﻴﻙ ﻝﻪ ﻭﺃﺸﻬﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩﺍ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ
ﻭﺭﺴﻭﻝﻪ ،ﺃﺭﺴﻠﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻬﺩﻯ ﻭﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻝﻴﻅﻬﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻴﻥ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻭﻜﻔﻰ ﺒﺎﷲ
ﺸﻬﻴﺩﺍ ،ﺍﻝﻠﻬﻡ ﺼل ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝﻪ ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ .ﺃﻤﺎ
ﺒﻌﺩ.
ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ" ﻗﺼﺔ
ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ( " ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﻭﻉ
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ،ﺭﺍﺠﻴﺎ ﺒﻜل ﺘﻀﺭﻉ ﻭﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻋﺴﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻔﻌﻨﺎ
ﺍﷲ ﺒﻪ .ﻭﻝﻤﻥ ﺃﺘﺎﺡ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ﻝﻼﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﻤﺒﺎﺤﺜﻪ ﻭﻗﺼﻭﺭ
ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ .ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ﻴﺤﺴﻥ ﻝﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺴﻭﻕ ﺠﺯﻴل ﺍﻝﺸﻜﺭ
ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻭﺨﺎﻝﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺤﻅ ﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺒﺎﻍ
ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﺘﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ
ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺘﻜﻤﻴﻼ ﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ
ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ،ﺃﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ:
ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﺒﻭﺩﻴﻥ ﻨﺎﺘﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻋﻤﻴﺩ ﻜﻠﻴﺔﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
أ
ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻭﺍﺏ ﻋﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ،ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﺹ
ﻭﻋﻨﺎﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺌﻘﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ .ﻭﻓﹼﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ
ﺃﺠﻭﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ.
ل ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ
ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜ ّﺃﺘﺎﺡ ﻝﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ
ل ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﺹ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺸﻐﻼﺘﻪ
ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻌﺔ ﺒﻜ ّ
ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ .ﺠﺯﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ.
ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺘﻴﺫ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﻬﺎﻡ ﻓﺭﺼﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻭﻋﻅﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﻊ،ﻓﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺸﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺒﻠﻎ ﺘﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﻡ ،ﻨﻔﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻭﻤﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭﻴﻥ.
ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻫﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻝﻠﺫﺍﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻤﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ
ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻻﻁﹼﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ.
ل ﺠﻬﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﻋﺕ
ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺸﺠﻌﺕ ﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺒﻜ ّﻝﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻝﻴﺎﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﻬﺎﺭﹺﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﻲ،
ﻭﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ،ﻭﺸﻔﻘﺔ ،ﻭﻭﺩ ،ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺯﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴل.
-
ﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺸﺠﻌﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺒﺩﻋﺎﺌﻬﻡ
ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺯﻭﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﺒﻨﺘ
ﻭﻤﺤﺒﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﺼﺔ ،ﺍﻝﻠﻬﻡ ﺍﺠﻌﻠﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﹼﻘﻴﻥ.
ﺼ ﹰﺔ
ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺨﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﺕ ﺴﺘﻲ ﻨﻭﺭﺨﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺥ ﺃﺩﻱ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺼﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ،ﺍﻝﻠﺫﺍﻥ ﻗﺩ
ب
ﺭﻓﻘﻭﺍ ﻭﺸﺠﻌﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ،ﻓﻘﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺸﻜﺭﻫﻤﺎ
ﻝﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﺍﻹﺴﻬﺎﻡ ،ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ،ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﺭﺍﺀ.
ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﺘﺩﻋﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻔﻴﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ،
ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻴﺠﺯﻴﻬﻡ ﺃﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻭﻴﻭﻓﻘﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻴﺎﻫﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺏ
ﻕ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻴﺔ.
ل ﻤﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺤ ﹼ
ﻭﻴﺭﻀﻰ ،ﻭﻝﻜ ّ
ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺤﺴﺒﻲ ﻭﻨﻌﻡ
ﺍﻝﻭﻜﻴل .ﻭﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝﻪ ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ.
ﺠﻴﺒﻭﺘﺎﺕ 23 ،ﻤﺎﺭﺱ 2011
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ
)ﻝﻨﺩﺍ ﺴﻠﻔﻴﺎﻨﺎ(
ج
ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﺸﻜﺭ ﻭ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ...................................................
ﺃ
ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ................................................
ﺩ
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل :ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ
ﺃ -ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ .......................................
1
ﺏ -ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻤﺸﻜﻼﺘﻪ ............................
2
ﺝ -ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ .....................................
3
ﺩ -ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ......................................
3
ﻩ -ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ .......................................
3
ﻭ -ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ........................................
4
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ :ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
ﺃ -ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ
.1ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ...............................
6
.2
ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ ......................................
9
.3
ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ 10 .....................
ﺏ -ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻠﻲ
.1ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ 12 ...............................
.2
ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ 17 ......................................
.3ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ 20 .............................
د
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ :ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﺃ -ﻝﻤﺤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ 23 ..............................
ﺏ -ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ 24 .............
ﺝ -ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ 26 ............................
ﺩ -ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ 26 ...........................
ﻩ-
ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﻭل 27 ......................................
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ :ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ
ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ
ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭ
ﺃ -ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ 33 .......
ﺏ -ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﻫﻴﻠﻲ 55 ..
ﺝ -ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ 84 ...............
ﺩ -ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ 91 .....................................
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ :ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ
ﺃ -ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ 98 ........................................
ﺏ -ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﺤﺎﺕ 99 ........................................
ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ 101 ............................................
ﻫ
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل
ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ
ﺃ – ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭ ﻜﻼﻤﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻁل ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﺩﻴﻪ ﻭ
ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭل ﺼﻠﹼﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺴﻠﻡ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ
ل ﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻴﺤﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻨﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﻠﻪ،
ﻝﻜ ّ
ﺏ ﻤﻥ
ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ ،ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ " :ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓ ﺭﻁﹾﻨﹶﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝ ﻜﺘﹶﺎ ﹺ
ﺸﻲ ﺀ " )ﺍﻷﻨﻌﺎﻡ (38:ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻜﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﺇﺨﺘﺭﺍﻋﻪ ﻤﻨﺫ
ﹶ
ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻔﺔ ،ﻭﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻜﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﺇﺨﺘﺭﺍﻋﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ
ﻭﺃﺴﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﻤﻀﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ
ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻹﻝﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ.
1
ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﻝﻜﻨﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﻊ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ
ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﻨﺼﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ
ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭﻴﻥ 2،ﻭﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﻜل ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ،
ﻭﻻﻤﻔﺭ ﻝﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻬﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ.
ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻝﻠﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﺨﺫﻭﺍ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ
ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ .ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ
ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺨﻔﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻁﻤﺄﻨﺕ ﻗﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﺘﺜﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ "
1
ا اررْط ،از ا
ا ن) ،اهة . :د.س( ،ص.5.
2
إ اه" إ& ،$%ا ن وإز ا
) ،دار ا' ا( ،دم،دت( ،ص.5.
1
ﻥ " )ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﻘﺭﺓ ،(2-1:
ﺏ ﻓﻴ ﻪ ﻫﺩﻯ ﱢﻝﻠﹾ ﻤ ﱠﺘﻘﻴ
ﻻ ﺭ ﻴ
ﺏ ﹶ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﹾ ﻜﺘﹶﺎ
ﺍﻝﻡ .ﹶﺫﻝِ
ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ.
ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﺴﻴﺭ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺜﻪ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺼﺔ
ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ،ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ
ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ
ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﺴﻴﺭ ،ﻭﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻤﺠﻤﻼ ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺯﺤﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ.
ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﺃﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ
ﻤﻤﺎ ﺭﻤﺎﻫﺎ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻴﻥ .ﻝﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﺭﺡ ﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ
ﺍﻝﻜﻴﺩ ﻝﻺﺴﻼﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ،ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﻭﺍ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ
ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻤﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺴﻼﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ .ﻭﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﺩﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺯﻭﺍﺠﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ
ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻜﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ .ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻜﻤﺔ
ﺒﺎﻝﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ ﺃﺨﺒﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ
ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ(.
ﺏ -ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻤﺸﻜﻼﺘﻪ
ﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ،ﻓﻘﺩ ﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻋﻥ
ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ
ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ.
2
ﺝ -ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ:
-1ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ.
-2ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻠﻭﻝﻪ
ﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ.
-3ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ
ﺘﻨﻠﻭﻝﻪ ﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ.
ﺩ -ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻰ:
-1ﻝﺘﻭﺴﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﺴﻴﺭ.
-2ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻤﺠﻤﻼ.
-3ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﺤﻭل ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ.
-4ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ
ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ.
ﻭ -ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﺇﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ
ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ،ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ،
ﻭﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ.
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ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺨﺘﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ:
Pedoman Penulisan Karya Ilmiah (Skripsi, Tesis dan Disertasi) UIN Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta. Cetakan II, 2007.
ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ
ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ ،ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﻜﺘﺏ ﺒﺤﺜﺎ ﺃﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻹﻤﻴل ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﺴﻨﺔ
.1986
ﺯ -ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻗﺴﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﺒﻭﺍﺏ :
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل :
ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ،ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﻤﺸﻜﻼﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ،ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ،ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﺨﻁﺔ.
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ :
ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ،ﻭﻫﺫﺍ
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ.
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ :
ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻝﻤﺤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ،ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ،
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ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺴﺒﺏ
ﺍﻝﻨﺯﻭل.
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ :
ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ،ﻭﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ،ﻭﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ
ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ،ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻴﻥ
ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ،ﻭﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ.
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ :
ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﺤﺎﺕ.
ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ
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ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ
ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
ﺃ -ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
.1ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ
ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻫﻭ
ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺩﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺸﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﻰ ﺤﺼﻠﻪ ﻭﻫﻡ
ﻴﻨﺘﺴﺒﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﻭﺒﺄﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﻨﺴﺏ.
ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩﻩ :ﻭﻝﺩ ﺴﻨﺔ 701ﻫـ ﺒﻘﺭﻴﺔ )ﻤﺠﺩل( ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل
"ﺒﺼﺭﻯ" ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ ﺴﻨﺔ 774ﻫـ.
ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻩ :ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺏ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺤﻔﺹ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﻴﺔ
ﻴﻘﺎل ﻝﻬﺎ "ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﻭﻴﻥ" ﻏﺭﺒﻰ ) ﺒﺼﺭﻯ( ﻭﻝﺩ ﺴﻨﺔ 640ﻫـ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻰ ﺴﻨﺔ
703ﻫـ.
ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻪ :ﻝﻘﺩ ﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﺠﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺩﻭﻝﺔ
ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﻝﻴﻙ ﻭﺸﻬﺩ ﻫﺠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺘﺎﺭ ،ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ،ﻭﺃﻭﺒﺌﺔ ﻓﺎﺩﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺭ
ﺤﺼﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﺸﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺢ " ﺍﻝﺼﻠﻴﺒﻴﻥ"
ﻭﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺘﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻸﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ
ﻨﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻰ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻝﻴﻑ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻓﺱ
ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻓﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ.
ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ :ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﻴﺱ 26ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ 774
ﻫـ ،ﻭﺨﺭﺠﺕ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﺒﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻏﻔﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﺘﺸﻴﻊ ﺠﻨﺎﺯﺓ ،ﻭﺩﻓﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺄﻭﺍﻩ
6
ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺒﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻡ ﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ
ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻭﺼﻴﺘﻪ.
3
ﺸﻴﻭﺨﻪ :ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﺫﻜﺎﺀ ﺨﺎﺭﻕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺘﻡ ﺤﻔﻅ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻩ .ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺩﺭﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻯ ﻤﺌﺎﺕ
ﺍﻝﺸﻴﻭﺥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺃﺜﺭﻭ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺨﻁﺎﻫﻡ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺴﻬﻡ:
-1ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ.
-2ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺯﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻡ
ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ 739ﻫـ.
-3ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﻯ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﺎل
ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ 744ﻫـ.
-4ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭﻯ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻭﺭﻯ
ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﻭﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ 705ﻫـ.
ﻭﺸﻴﻭﺨﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ :
-1ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻴﻌﻠﻰ ﺤﻤﺯﻩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺅﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ
ﺃﺒﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﺃﺴﻌﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﺒﻰ ﻏﺎﻝﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﻔﺭ
ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺯﺭﺓ 710ﻫـ.
3
-2
ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺯﺍﺭﻯ ﺘﻭﻓﻰ 729ﻫـ.
-3
ﻨﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﻲ 730ﻫـ.
أ +أ ،"-ا ا وا
آ ،ج0) ،1.ن :دار ا 1ا( ،(-ص.ع
7
-4
ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﺘﻭﻓﻰ
730ﻫـ.
-5
ﻜﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻰ ﺸﻬﺒﻪ.
-6
ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﺱ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻠﻰ
ﺘﻭﻓﻰ ﺴﻨﺔ 716ﻫـ.
-7
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺭﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺸﻤﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ
ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺒﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﻰ 748ﻫـ.
-8
ﻨﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺘﻭﻓﻰ
716ﻫـ.
-9
ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺨﺫ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺴﺎﻜﺭ ،ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺭﺍﺯﻯ،
ﻭﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﻯ ،ﻭﺃﺠﺎﺯ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﻓﻰ ،ﻭﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺩﺒﻭﺴﻰ.
4
ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ :ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻫﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺘﺼﻑ ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ،ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﻋﺼﺭﻩ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻱ ﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺭﺨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻔﺴﺭﻴﻥ
ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺒﻴﻥ ،ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺎﻓﺴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻭﻥ .ﻝﻘﺩ ﻭﺼﻔﻪ
ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻭﺩﻱ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻪ " :ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺤﻔﻅ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺩﺭﻜﻨﺎﻩ ﻝﻤﺘﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ
ﻭﺃﻋﺭﻓﻬﻡ ﺒﺘﺨﺭﻴﺠﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺠﺎﻝﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻘﻴﻤﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ
ﺍﻗﺭﺍﻨﻪ ﻭﺸﻴﻭﺨﻪ ﻴﻌﺘﺭﻓﻭﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ .ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻀﺭ ﺸﻴﺌﹰﺎ
ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ،ﻗﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻴﻬﹰﺎ ﺠﻴﺩ
ﺍﻝﻔﻬﻡ .ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﻥ ،ﻴﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻴﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
.4أ ا'اء إ& 4 $%آ ،5ا ا وا
،ج ،1.ط) ،1.اهة :دار ا0ر 1421هـ 2001/م( ،ص.2.
8
ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺭ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺭﻑ ﺍﻨﻲ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﻌﺕ ﺒﻪ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻔﺩﺕ ﻤﻨﻪ".
5
.2ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ
ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ:6
ﺘﺭﻙ ﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺘﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل
ﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ .ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺒﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ
ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﻪ.
(1
ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ.
(2
ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ.
(3
ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺩ.
(4
ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ.
(5
ﺸﻤﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭل ﻭﺩﻻﺌل ﻨﺒﻭﺘﻪ ،ﻭﻓﻀﺎﺌﻠﻪ ،ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ.
(6
ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ.
(7
ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻙ.
ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ :
(8
ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻨﻴﺩ.
(9
ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻘﻭﺩﺓ:
(10ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻤﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻫﻴل.
5
.ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﻨﺭﻭﻱ .ﻁﺒﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺴﺭﻴﻥ )،ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻭﺭﺓ :ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ، (1997ص111.
.6أ ا'اء إ& 4 $%آ ،5ا ا وا
،ص.4.
9
(11ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻜﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ.
(12ﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺨﻴﻥ.
(13ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺏ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺇﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ
ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺏ
ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ.
(14ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ )ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻤﺎﻝﻪ(.
(15ﺍﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ.
(16ﺘﺨﺭﻴﺞ ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ.
(17ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ "ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻥ" ﻝﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻰ.
(18ﺸﺭﺡ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ :ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻤﻪ.
(19ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻉ.
ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺫﻝﻴل ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﺡ ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ
ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﻴﺭ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺸﻌﺭﺍ ﻭﻝﺘﺯﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻨﻑ ﺍﻵﺫﺍﻥ ﺒﻤﻭﺴﻴﻘﺎﻩ.
.3ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ
ﻨﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ.
ﺇﻥ ﺃﺼﺢ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ – ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ-
ﻫﻲ :
(1ﺃﻥ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ،ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤل ﻓﻲ
ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺒﺴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺁﺨﺭ.
10
(2ﻓﺎﺫﺍ ﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺸﺎﺭﺤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﻭﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻝﻪ ،ﺒل ﻝﻘﺩ ﻗﺎل ﺍﻻﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻓﻌﻰ ﺭﺤﻤﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ
ﻭﺭﻀﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ:
" ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﺎﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ
ﻥ
ﻕ ِﻝ ﹶﺘﺤ ﹸﻜ ﻡ ﺒﻴ
ﺤﱢ
ﺏ ﺒﹺﺎﻝﹾ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﹾ ﻜﺘﹶﺎ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰِ " :ﺇﻨﱠﺎ ﺃَﻨ ﺯﻝﹾﻨﹶﺎ ِﺇﹶﻝﻴ
ﺨﺼﻴﻤﹰﺎ ".
ﻥ ﹶ
ﻻ ﹶﺘﻜﹸﻥ ﱢﻝﻠﹾﺨﹶﺂ ِﺌﻨﻴ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﹼﻠ ﻪ ﻭ ﹶ
ﺱ ﹺﺒﻤﺎ َﺃﺭﺍ
ﺍﻝﻨﱠﺎ ﹺ
)ﺴﻭﺭﺓ
ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺎﺀ(105:
ﻭﻗﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ:
ﻥ ﹶﻝ ﻬ ﻡ ﺍﱠﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﺨﹾ ﹶﺘﹶﻠﻔﹸﻭﺍﹾ ﻓﻴ ﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺩﻯ
ﺏ ِﺇﻻﱠ ﻝِ ﹸﺘ ﺒ ﻴ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﹾ ﻜﺘﹶﺎ
ﻋﹶﻠ ﻴ
" ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃَﻨ ﺯﻝﹾﻨﹶﺎ
ﻥ " ) .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺤل(64:
ﻭ ﺭﺤ ﻤ ﹰﺔ ﱢﻝ ﹶﻘﻭ ﹴﻡ ﻴﺅْ ﻤﻨﹸﻭ
ﻭﻗﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ:
ل ِﺇﹶﻝﻴ ﹺﻬﻡ ﻭﹶﻝ ﻌﱠﻠ ﻬﻡ
ﺱ ﻤﺎ ﹸﻨ ﺯ َ
ﻥ ﻝِﻠﻨﱠﺎ ﹺ
ﻙ ﺍﻝ ﱢﺫﻜﹾ ﺭ ِﻝ ﹸﺘ ﺒ ﻴ
" ...ﻭﺃَﻨ ﺯﻝﹾﻨﹶﺎ ِﺇﹶﻝ ﻴ
ﻥ ") .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺤل(44 :
ﻴ ﹶﺘ ﹶﻔ ﱠﻜﺭﻭ
ﻭﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻗﺎل ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ "ﺍﻻ ﺃﻨﻰ ﺃﻭﺘﻴﺕ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻤﻌﻪ" ﻴﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ.
ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺘﻨﺯل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺤﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺯل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ
ﺘﺘﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ.
(3ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﻫﺩﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﻭﺍ ﺒﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻡ
ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ،ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺅﻫﻡ ﻭﻜﺒﺭﺍﺅﻫﻡ
ﻜﺎﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺘﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ -ﺭﻀﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻡ
11
– ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﻡ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ
ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ.
(4ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺠﺩﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ
ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺭﺠﻊ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻗﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ
ﻜﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺠﺒﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ،ﻭﻜﺴﻌﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺠﺒﻴﺭ،
ﻭﻋﻜﺭﻤﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﺒﻰ ﺭﺒﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ
ﺍﻝﺒﺼﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻤﺴﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﺩﻉ ،ﻭﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﺒﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻨﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﺤﻡ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ
ﻭﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻗﻭﺍﻝﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻴﺔ.
ﻭﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺭﺍﺌﻬﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ،ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ
ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻴﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺭﺍﺌﻬﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﺓ ﺘﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻴﻘﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺭﻓﻴﺎ :
ﻓﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻝﻔﺎﻅ ﻴﺤﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻋﻨﺩﻩ
ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎ ﻓﻴﺤﻜﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻭﺍل – ﺃﻱ ﻴﺤﻜﻴﻬﺎ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ .ﻭﺍﻝﻜل
ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻓﻴﻁﻔﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻴﺏ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ.
7
ﺏ -ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
.1ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﺍﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ
ﻭﻝﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﻁﻴﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻋﺎﻡ 1932ﻡ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ
ﻼ ﺒﺠﺯﻡ ﺒﻪ ،ﻤﺤﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ،
ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﺎﻤ ﹰ
ﻤﺯﺍﺭﻋﹰﺎ ﺘﺎﺠﺭﹰﺍ .8ﻤﺘﺯﻭﺝ ﻭﻝﻪ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺃﻜﻤﻠﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ.
.7اآر % 80ا "-د
،ه ا )،اهة :دار ا 1ا:ى( ط،1978.1 .ص.224-223.
> =
ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ
ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠ
) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ(
ﺒﺤﺙ
ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻻﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ
ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ) ( S.S.I
ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ :
ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺒﺔ/ﻝﻨﺩﺍ ﺴﻠﻔﻴﺎﻨﺎ
ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺩ106060002135 :
ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴ
ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ
ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ
2011ﻡ 1432 /ﻫـ
QISHAH AL-IFKI MIN KHILAL TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN
AL-AZIM LI IBNU KATSIR WA TAFSIR AL-MUNIR
LI WAHBAH AZ-ZUHAILI
Skripsi
Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah Untuk
Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana
Studi Islam (S.S.I)
Oleh:
Linda Silviana
NIM : 106060002135
FAKULTAS DIRASAT ISLAMIYAH
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA
1432 H / 2011 M
ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ
ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ
) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ(
ﺒﺤﺙ
ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻻﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ) ( S.S.I
ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ :
ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺒﺔ /ﻝﻨﺩﺍ ﺴﻠﻔﻴﺎﻨﺎ
ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺩ106060002135 :
ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ :
ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﻨﻔﻲ
ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ
2011ﻡ 1432 /ﻫـ
QISHAH AL-IFKI MIN KHILAL TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN
AL-AZIM LI IBNU KATSIR WA TAFSIR AL-MUNIR
LI WAHBAH AZ-ZUHAILI
Skripsi Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana Studi Islam (S.S.I)
Oleh:
Linda Silviana
NIM : 106060002135
Pembimbing:
Dr. Muchlis M Hanafi, MA
FAKULTAS DIRASAT ISLAMIYAH UNIVERSITAS ISLAM
NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA
1432 H / 2011 M
ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﲤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺪﺍ ﺳﻠﻔﻴﺎﻧﺎ ،ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ) (S.S.Iﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ:
"ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ
ﺍﻟﺰﺣﻴﻠﻲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ("
ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺟﺪﺍ .ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ 24ﻣﺎﺭﺱ 2011ﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ 19ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ
1432ﻫـ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ،ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ:
ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺗﺎ
ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ /ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ
)(..........................
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ
ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ /ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﺍ
)(..........................
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳐﻠﺺ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﻨﻔﻲ
ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ /ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺎ
)(..........................
ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ /ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎ
)(..........................
ﻋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ /ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎ
)(..........................
ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻴﻡ
ﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ
ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﻨﺤﻤﺩﻩ ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻐﻔﺭﻩ ﻭﻨﻌﻭﺫ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻭﺭ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻨﺎ ،ﻤﻥ ﻴﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻼ ﻤﻀل ﻝﻪ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﻴﻀﻠل ﻓﻼ ﻫﺎﺩﻯ
ﻝﻪ ،ﺃﺸﻬﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻝﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺤﺩﻩ ﻻ ﺸﺭﻴﻙ ﻝﻪ ﻭﺃﺸﻬﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩﺍ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ
ﻭﺭﺴﻭﻝﻪ ،ﺃﺭﺴﻠﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻬﺩﻯ ﻭﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻝﻴﻅﻬﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻴﻥ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻭﻜﻔﻰ ﺒﺎﷲ
ﺸﻬﻴﺩﺍ ،ﺍﻝﻠﻬﻡ ﺼل ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝﻪ ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ .ﺃﻤﺎ
ﺒﻌﺩ.
ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ" ﻗﺼﺔ
ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ( " ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﻭﻉ
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ،ﺭﺍﺠﻴﺎ ﺒﻜل ﺘﻀﺭﻉ ﻭﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻋﺴﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻔﻌﻨﺎ
ﺍﷲ ﺒﻪ .ﻭﻝﻤﻥ ﺃﺘﺎﺡ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ﻝﻼﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﻤﺒﺎﺤﺜﻪ ﻭﻗﺼﻭﺭ
ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ .ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ﻴﺤﺴﻥ ﻝﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺴﻭﻕ ﺠﺯﻴل ﺍﻝﺸﻜﺭ
ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻭﺨﺎﻝﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺤﻅ ﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺒﺎﻍ
ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﺘﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ
ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺘﻜﻤﻴﻼ ﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ
ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ،ﺃﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ:
ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﺒﻭﺩﻴﻥ ﻨﺎﺘﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻋﻤﻴﺩ ﻜﻠﻴﺔﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
أ
ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻭﺍﺏ ﻋﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ،ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﺹ
ﻭﻋﻨﺎﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺌﻘﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ .ﻭﻓﹼﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ
ﺃﺠﻭﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ.
ل ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ
ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜ ّﺃﺘﺎﺡ ﻝﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ
ل ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﺹ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺸﻐﻼﺘﻪ
ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻌﺔ ﺒﻜ ّ
ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ .ﺠﺯﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ.
ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺘﻴﺫ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﻬﺎﻡ ﻓﺭﺼﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻭﻋﻅﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﻊ،ﻓﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺸﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺒﻠﻎ ﺘﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﻡ ،ﻨﻔﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻭﻤﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭﻴﻥ.
ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻫﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻝﻠﺫﺍﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻤﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ
ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻻﻁﹼﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ.
ل ﺠﻬﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﻋﺕ
ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺸﺠﻌﺕ ﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺒﻜ ّﻝﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻝﻴﺎﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﻬﺎﺭﹺﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﻲ،
ﻭﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ،ﻭﺸﻔﻘﺔ ،ﻭﻭﺩ ،ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺯﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴل.
-
ﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺸﺠﻌﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺒﺩﻋﺎﺌﻬﻡ
ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺯﻭﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﺒﻨﺘ
ﻭﻤﺤﺒﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﺼﺔ ،ﺍﻝﻠﻬﻡ ﺍﺠﻌﻠﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﹼﻘﻴﻥ.
ﺼ ﹰﺔ
ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺨﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﺕ ﺴﺘﻲ ﻨﻭﺭﺨﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺥ ﺃﺩﻱ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺼﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ،ﺍﻝﻠﺫﺍﻥ ﻗﺩ
ب
ﺭﻓﻘﻭﺍ ﻭﺸﺠﻌﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ،ﻓﻘﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺸﻜﺭﻫﻤﺎ
ﻝﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﺍﻹﺴﻬﺎﻡ ،ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ،ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﺭﺍﺀ.
ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﺘﺩﻋﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻔﻴﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ،
ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻴﺠﺯﻴﻬﻡ ﺃﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻭﻴﻭﻓﻘﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻴﺎﻫﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺏ
ﻕ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻴﺔ.
ل ﻤﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺤ ﹼ
ﻭﻴﺭﻀﻰ ،ﻭﻝﻜ ّ
ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺤﺴﺒﻲ ﻭﻨﻌﻡ
ﺍﻝﻭﻜﻴل .ﻭﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝﻪ ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ.
ﺠﻴﺒﻭﺘﺎﺕ 23 ،ﻤﺎﺭﺱ 2011
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ
)ﻝﻨﺩﺍ ﺴﻠﻔﻴﺎﻨﺎ(
ج
ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﺸﻜﺭ ﻭ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ...................................................
ﺃ
ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ................................................
ﺩ
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل :ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ
ﺃ -ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ .......................................
1
ﺏ -ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻤﺸﻜﻼﺘﻪ ............................
2
ﺝ -ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ .....................................
3
ﺩ -ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ......................................
3
ﻩ -ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ .......................................
3
ﻭ -ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ........................................
4
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ :ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
ﺃ -ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ
.1ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ...............................
6
.2
ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ ......................................
9
.3
ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ 10 .....................
ﺏ -ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻠﻲ
.1ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ 12 ...............................
.2
ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ 17 ......................................
.3ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ 20 .............................
د
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ :ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﺃ -ﻝﻤﺤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ 23 ..............................
ﺏ -ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ 24 .............
ﺝ -ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ 26 ............................
ﺩ -ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ 26 ...........................
ﻩ-
ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﻭل 27 ......................................
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ :ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ
ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ
ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭ
ﺃ -ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ 33 .......
ﺏ -ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﻫﻴﻠﻲ 55 ..
ﺝ -ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ 84 ...............
ﺩ -ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ 91 .....................................
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ :ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ
ﺃ -ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ 98 ........................................
ﺏ -ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﺤﺎﺕ 99 ........................................
ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ 101 ............................................
ﻫ
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل
ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ
ﺃ – ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭ ﻜﻼﻤﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻁل ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﺩﻴﻪ ﻭ
ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺠﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭل ﺼﻠﹼﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺴﻠﻡ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ
ل ﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻴﺤﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻨﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﻠﻪ،
ﻝﻜ ّ
ﺏ ﻤﻥ
ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ ،ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ " :ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓ ﺭﻁﹾﻨﹶﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝ ﻜﺘﹶﺎ ﹺ
ﺸﻲ ﺀ " )ﺍﻷﻨﻌﺎﻡ (38:ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻜﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﺇﺨﺘﺭﺍﻋﻪ ﻤﻨﺫ
ﹶ
ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻔﺔ ،ﻭﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻜﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﺇﺨﺘﺭﺍﻋﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ
ﻭﺃﺴﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﻤﻀﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ
ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻹﻝﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ.
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ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﻝﻜﻨﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﻊ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ
ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﻨﺼﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ
ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭﻴﻥ 2،ﻭﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﻜل ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ،
ﻭﻻﻤﻔﺭ ﻝﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻬﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ.
ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻝﻠﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﺨﺫﻭﺍ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ
ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ .ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ
ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺨﻔﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻁﻤﺄﻨﺕ ﻗﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﺘﺜﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ "
1
ا اررْط ،از ا
ا ن) ،اهة . :د.س( ،ص.5.
2
إ اه" إ& ،$%ا ن وإز ا
) ،دار ا' ا( ،دم،دت( ،ص.5.
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ﻥ " )ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﻘﺭﺓ ،(2-1:
ﺏ ﻓﻴ ﻪ ﻫﺩﻯ ﱢﻝﻠﹾ ﻤ ﱠﺘﻘﻴ
ﻻ ﺭ ﻴ
ﺏ ﹶ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﹾ ﻜﺘﹶﺎ
ﺍﻝﻡ .ﹶﺫﻝِ
ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ.
ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﺴﻴﺭ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺜﻪ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺼﺔ
ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ،ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ
ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ
ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﺴﻴﺭ ،ﻭﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻤﺠﻤﻼ ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺯﺤﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ.
ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﺃﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ
ﻤﻤﺎ ﺭﻤﺎﻫﺎ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻴﻥ .ﻝﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﺭﺡ ﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ
ﺍﻝﻜﻴﺩ ﻝﻺﺴﻼﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ،ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﻭﺍ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ
ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻤﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺴﻼﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ .ﻭﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﺩﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺯﻭﺍﺠﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ
ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻜﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ .ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻜﻤﺔ
ﺒﺎﻝﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ ﺃﺨﺒﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ
ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ(.
ﺏ -ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻤﺸﻜﻼﺘﻪ
ﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ،ﻓﻘﺩ ﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻋﻥ
ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ
ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ.
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ﺝ -ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ:
-1ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ.
-2ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻠﻭﻝﻪ
ﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ.
-3ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ
ﺘﻨﻠﻭﻝﻪ ﻝﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ.
ﺩ -ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻰ:
-1ﻝﺘﻭﺴﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﺴﻴﺭ.
-2ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻤﺠﻤﻼ.
-3ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﺤﻭل ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ.
-4ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ
ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ.
ﻭ -ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﺇﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ
ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ،ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ،
ﻭﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ.
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ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺨﺘﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ:
Pedoman Penulisan Karya Ilmiah (Skripsi, Tesis dan Disertasi) UIN Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta. Cetakan II, 2007.
ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ
ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ ،ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﻜﺘﺏ ﺒﺤﺜﺎ ﺃﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻹﻤﻴل ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﺴﻨﺔ
.1986
ﺯ -ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻗﺴﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﺒﻭﺍﺏ :
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل :
ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ،ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﻤﺸﻜﻼﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ،ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ،ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ
ﻭﺨﻁﺔ.
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ :
ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ،ﻭﻫﺫﺍ
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ.
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ :
ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻝﻤﺤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ،ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ،
4
ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺴﺒﺏ
ﺍﻝﻨﺯﻭل.
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ :
ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ،ﻭﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ،ﻭﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ
ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ،ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻴﻥ
ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ،ﻭﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ.
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ :
ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﺤﺎﺕ.
ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ
5
ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ
ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
ﺃ -ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
.1ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ
ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻫﻭ
ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺩﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺸﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﻰ ﺤﺼﻠﻪ ﻭﻫﻡ
ﻴﻨﺘﺴﺒﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﻭﺒﺄﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﻨﺴﺏ.
ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩﻩ :ﻭﻝﺩ ﺴﻨﺔ 701ﻫـ ﺒﻘﺭﻴﺔ )ﻤﺠﺩل( ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل
"ﺒﺼﺭﻯ" ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ ﺴﻨﺔ 774ﻫـ.
ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻩ :ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺏ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺤﻔﺹ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﻴﺔ
ﻴﻘﺎل ﻝﻬﺎ "ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﻭﻴﻥ" ﻏﺭﺒﻰ ) ﺒﺼﺭﻯ( ﻭﻝﺩ ﺴﻨﺔ 640ﻫـ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻰ ﺴﻨﺔ
703ﻫـ.
ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻪ :ﻝﻘﺩ ﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﺠﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺩﻭﻝﺔ
ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﻝﻴﻙ ﻭﺸﻬﺩ ﻫﺠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺘﺎﺭ ،ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ،ﻭﺃﻭﺒﺌﺔ ﻓﺎﺩﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺭ
ﺤﺼﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﺸﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺢ " ﺍﻝﺼﻠﻴﺒﻴﻥ"
ﻭﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺘﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻸﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ
ﻨﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻰ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻝﻴﻑ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻓﺱ
ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻓﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ.
ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ :ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﻴﺱ 26ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ 774
ﻫـ ،ﻭﺨﺭﺠﺕ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﺒﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻏﻔﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﺘﺸﻴﻊ ﺠﻨﺎﺯﺓ ،ﻭﺩﻓﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺄﻭﺍﻩ
6
ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺒﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻡ ﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ
ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻭﺼﻴﺘﻪ.
3
ﺸﻴﻭﺨﻪ :ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﺫﻜﺎﺀ ﺨﺎﺭﻕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺘﻡ ﺤﻔﻅ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻩ .ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺩﺭﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻯ ﻤﺌﺎﺕ
ﺍﻝﺸﻴﻭﺥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺃﺜﺭﻭ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺨﻁﺎﻫﻡ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺴﻬﻡ:
-1ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ.
-2ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺯﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻡ
ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻓﻰ 739ﻫـ.
-3ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﻯ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﺎل
ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ 744ﻫـ.
-4ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭﻯ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻭﺭﻯ
ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﻓﻲ
ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﻭﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ 705ﻫـ.
ﻭﺸﻴﻭﺨﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ :
-1ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻴﻌﻠﻰ ﺤﻤﺯﻩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺅﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ
ﺃﺒﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﺃﺴﻌﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﺒﻰ ﻏﺎﻝﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﻔﺭ
ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺯﺭﺓ 710ﻫـ.
3
-2
ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺯﺍﺭﻯ ﺘﻭﻓﻰ 729ﻫـ.
-3
ﻨﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﻲ 730ﻫـ.
أ +أ ،"-ا ا وا
آ ،ج0) ،1.ن :دار ا 1ا( ،(-ص.ع
7
-4
ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﺘﻭﻓﻰ
730ﻫـ.
-5
ﻜﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻰ ﺸﻬﺒﻪ.
-6
ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﺱ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻠﻰ
ﺘﻭﻓﻰ ﺴﻨﺔ 716ﻫـ.
-7
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺭﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺸﻤﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ
ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺒﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﻰ 748ﻫـ.
-8
ﻨﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺘﻭﻓﻰ
716ﻫـ.
-9
ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺨﺫ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺴﺎﻜﺭ ،ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺭﺍﺯﻯ،
ﻭﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﻯ ،ﻭﺃﺠﺎﺯ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﻓﻰ ،ﻭﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺩﺒﻭﺴﻰ.
4
ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ :ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻫﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺘﺼﻑ ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ،ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﻋﺼﺭﻩ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻱ ﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺭﺨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻔﺴﺭﻴﻥ
ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺒﻴﻥ ،ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺎﻓﺴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻭﻥ .ﻝﻘﺩ ﻭﺼﻔﻪ
ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻭﺩﻱ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻪ " :ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺤﻔﻅ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺩﺭﻜﻨﺎﻩ ﻝﻤﺘﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ
ﻭﺃﻋﺭﻓﻬﻡ ﺒﺘﺨﺭﻴﺠﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺠﺎﻝﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻘﻴﻤﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ
ﺍﻗﺭﺍﻨﻪ ﻭﺸﻴﻭﺨﻪ ﻴﻌﺘﺭﻓﻭﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ .ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻀﺭ ﺸﻴﺌﹰﺎ
ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ،ﻗﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻴﻬﹰﺎ ﺠﻴﺩ
ﺍﻝﻔﻬﻡ .ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﻥ ،ﻴﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻴﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
.4أ ا'اء إ& 4 $%آ ،5ا ا وا
،ج ،1.ط) ،1.اهة :دار ا0ر 1421هـ 2001/م( ،ص.2.
8
ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺭ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺭﻑ ﺍﻨﻲ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﻌﺕ ﺒﻪ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻔﺩﺕ ﻤﻨﻪ".
5
.2ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ
ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ:6
ﺘﺭﻙ ﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺘﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل
ﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ .ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺒﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ
ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﻪ.
(1
ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ.
(2
ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ.
(3
ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺩ.
(4
ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ.
(5
ﺸﻤﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭل ﻭﺩﻻﺌل ﻨﺒﻭﺘﻪ ،ﻭﻓﻀﺎﺌﻠﻪ ،ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ.
(6
ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ.
(7
ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻙ.
ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺔ :
(8
ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻨﻴﺩ.
(9
ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻘﻭﺩﺓ:
(10ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻤﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻫﻴل.
5
.ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﻨﺭﻭﻱ .ﻁﺒﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺴﺭﻴﻥ )،ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻭﺭﺓ :ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ، (1997ص111.
.6أ ا'اء إ& 4 $%آ ،5ا ا وا
،ص.4.
9
(11ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻜﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ.
(12ﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺨﻴﻥ.
(13ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺏ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺇﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ
ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺏ
ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ.
(14ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ )ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻤﺎﻝﻪ(.
(15ﺍﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ.
(16ﺘﺨﺭﻴﺞ ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ.
(17ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ "ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻥ" ﻝﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻰ.
(18ﺸﺭﺡ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺨﺎﺭﻯ :ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻤﻪ.
(19ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻉ.
ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺫﻝﻴل ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﺡ ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ
ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﻻﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﻴﺭ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺸﻌﺭﺍ ﻭﻝﺘﺯﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻨﻑ ﺍﻵﺫﺍﻥ ﺒﻤﻭﺴﻴﻘﺎﻩ.
.3ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻴﻡ
ﻨﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ.
ﺇﻥ ﺃﺼﺢ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ – ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ-
ﻫﻲ :
(1ﺃﻥ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ،ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤل ﻓﻲ
ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺒﺴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺁﺨﺭ.
10
(2ﻓﺎﺫﺍ ﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺸﺎﺭﺤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺁﻥ
ﻭﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻝﻪ ،ﺒل ﻝﻘﺩ ﻗﺎل ﺍﻻﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻓﻌﻰ ﺭﺤﻤﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ
ﻭﺭﻀﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ:
" ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﺎﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ
ﻥ
ﻕ ِﻝ ﹶﺘﺤ ﹸﻜ ﻡ ﺒﻴ
ﺤﱢ
ﺏ ﺒﹺﺎﻝﹾ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﹾ ﻜﺘﹶﺎ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ،ﻗﺎل ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰِ " :ﺇﻨﱠﺎ ﺃَﻨ ﺯﻝﹾﻨﹶﺎ ِﺇﹶﻝﻴ
ﺨﺼﻴﻤﹰﺎ ".
ﻥ ﹶ
ﻻ ﹶﺘﻜﹸﻥ ﱢﻝﻠﹾﺨﹶﺂ ِﺌﻨﻴ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﹼﻠ ﻪ ﻭ ﹶ
ﺱ ﹺﺒﻤﺎ َﺃﺭﺍ
ﺍﻝﻨﱠﺎ ﹺ
)ﺴﻭﺭﺓ
ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺎﺀ(105:
ﻭﻗﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ:
ﻥ ﹶﻝ ﻬ ﻡ ﺍﱠﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﺨﹾ ﹶﺘﹶﻠﻔﹸﻭﺍﹾ ﻓﻴ ﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺩﻯ
ﺏ ِﺇﻻﱠ ﻝِ ﹸﺘ ﺒ ﻴ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﹾ ﻜﺘﹶﺎ
ﻋﹶﻠ ﻴ
" ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃَﻨ ﺯﻝﹾﻨﹶﺎ
ﻥ " ) .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺤل(64:
ﻭ ﺭﺤ ﻤ ﹰﺔ ﱢﻝ ﹶﻘﻭ ﹴﻡ ﻴﺅْ ﻤﻨﹸﻭ
ﻭﻗﺎل ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ:
ل ِﺇﹶﻝﻴ ﹺﻬﻡ ﻭﹶﻝ ﻌﱠﻠ ﻬﻡ
ﺱ ﻤﺎ ﹸﻨ ﺯ َ
ﻥ ﻝِﻠﻨﱠﺎ ﹺ
ﻙ ﺍﻝ ﱢﺫﻜﹾ ﺭ ِﻝ ﹸﺘ ﺒ ﻴ
" ...ﻭﺃَﻨ ﺯﻝﹾﻨﹶﺎ ِﺇﹶﻝ ﻴ
ﻥ ") .ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺤل(44 :
ﻴ ﹶﺘ ﹶﻔ ﱠﻜﺭﻭ
ﻭﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻗﺎل ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ "ﺍﻻ ﺃﻨﻰ ﺃﻭﺘﻴﺕ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻤﻌﻪ" ﻴﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ.
ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺘﻨﺯل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺤﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺯل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ
ﺘﺘﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ.
(3ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﻫﺩﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ
ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﻭﺍ ﺒﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻡ
ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ،ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺅﻫﻡ ﻭﻜﺒﺭﺍﺅﻫﻡ
ﻜﺎﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺘﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ -ﺭﻀﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻡ
11
– ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﻡ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ
ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ.
(4ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺠﺩﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ
ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺭﺠﻊ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻗﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ
ﻜﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺠﺒﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ،ﻭﻜﺴﻌﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺠﺒﻴﺭ،
ﻭﻋﻜﺭﻤﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﺒﻰ ﺭﺒﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ
ﺍﻝﺒﺼﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻤﺴﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﺩﻉ ،ﻭﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﺒﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻨﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﺤﻡ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ
ﻭﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻗﻭﺍﻝﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻴﺔ.
ﻭﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺭﺍﺌﻬﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ،ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ
ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻴﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺭﺍﺌﻬﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﺓ ﺘﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻴﻘﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺭﻓﻴﺎ :
ﻓﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻝﻔﺎﻅ ﻴﺤﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻋﻨﺩﻩ
ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎ ﻓﻴﺤﻜﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻭﺍل – ﺃﻱ ﻴﺤﻜﻴﻬﺎ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ .ﻭﺍﻝﻜل
ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻓﻴﻁﻔﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻴﺏ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ.
7
ﺏ -ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺤﻴﻠﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ
.1ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﺍﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ
ﻭﻝﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﻁﻴﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻋﺎﻡ 1932ﻡ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ
ﻼ ﺒﺠﺯﻡ ﺒﻪ ،ﻤﺤﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ،
ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﺎﻤ ﹰ
ﻤﺯﺍﺭﻋﹰﺎ ﺘﺎﺠﺭﹰﺍ .8ﻤﺘﺯﻭﺝ ﻭﻝﻪ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺃﻜﻤﻠﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ.
.7اآر % 80ا "-د
،ه ا )،اهة :دار ا 1ا:ى( ط،1978.1 .ص.224-223.
> =