confirmatory data, and provide supporting examples to conclude the data analysis. As qualitative content analysis is used in this research, it is best to
answer the “why” question of this qualitative research Julien, 2008:120. In content qualitative analysis, th
e researcher’s interpretation is valuable in collecting the data because of its instrument’s validity. The data of this qualitative
research are in the form of narrative texts which means it cannot be measured by numerical numbers since it deals with literary text. The content analysis of this
research also referred to analytic method in reducing the data to find the meaning of the data to support the result of the research.
B. Data Types
Data is one of the important elements in the research as a material to conclude the result of the research. Vanderstop and Johnston 2009:176 explain that
qualitative research uses a narrative form to find the data and explain the phenomenon in the research. In conclusion, this research used narrative
expression of the novel as the data of the research. The narrative expressions of the novel are in the form of words, sentences, and paragraphs related to dark
themes elements in The Boy in The Striped Pyjamas. The narrative data are expected to give clear explanations upon the phenomena found in the text.
C. The Data Source
The data source of this research were collected from any kinds of sentences, expressions and paragraphs related to the research upon pleasure in dark themed
novel by John Boyne entitled The Boy in The Striped Pyjamas. All the data sources that have been mentioned above must relate to the aspects of the research:
1 the dark themes of the novel, 2 how the dark themes represents the pleasure of main characters. The novel of John Boyne entitled The Boy in The Striped
Pyjamas was originally published in English. It was published in 2006 by Black Swan and consisted of 20 chapters and 215 pages.
D. Research Instruments
In this qualitative research, the researcher plays a center part of the research instrument. The researcher acted as the interpreter of all the data with specific
explanation based on theories used on the research and data classifications. The researcher is the possible valid instruments in qualitative research. Lincoln and
Guba statement cited in Vanderstop and Johnston 2009:201 also agree to the idea, they believe that the best instrument for qualitative naturalistic inquiry is
human. In this case, the researcher’s interpretation played a significant part to the research. The data table provided by the researcher would be the secondary
instrument to this research. There are two data tables to help the researcher interprets the data. Those tables could be seen in the following.
The first table is needed to answer the first objective of the research. The table was designed to categorize the dark themes found in the story. The table helped
the researcher to classify the dark themes of the novel.
Table 1: Kinds of Dark Themes
No Dark
Themes Page
Quotation Explanation
1 A.
Childre n’s
anger 7
‘Say goodbye to them?’ he asked, staring at her in surprise. ‘Say
goodbye to them?’ he repeated, spluttering out the words as if his
mouth was full of biscuits that he’d munch into tiny pieces but not
actually swallowed
yet.
‘Say goodbye to Karl and Daniel and
Martin?’ he continued, his voice coming
dangerously close
to shouting, which was not allowed
indoors . ‘But they’re my three best
friends for life’. Bruno is angry with
the fact that he needs
to say
goodbye to his best friends.
The second table was designed to help the researcher answer the second objective. The table is crucial to answer the most important question to show how
the pleasure of the main characters is represented by the dark themes of the novel. Thus, the second table played the most significant part to categorize the data
classification. The form of the table could be seen as below.
Table 2: Pleasure of the Main Characters Data
No Pleasure
Page Explanation
Pleasure
1 A.
Pleas ure of
obser ving
30
To begin with, they weren’t children at all. Not all of them, at
least. There were small boys and big
boys, fathers
and grandfathers.
Perhaps a
few uncles too. And some of those
people who live on their own on
everybody’s road but don’t seem to have any relatives at all. They
were everyone.
‘Who are they?’ asked Gretel, as open-mouthed as her brother often
was these days. ‘What sort of place is this?’
‘I’m not sure, ‘said Bruno, sticking as close to the truth as possible. ‘But
it’s not as nice as home, I do know that much’
Bruno and Gretel feel the pleasure of
observing the new environment.
E. The Technique of Data Collection
The technique of data collection is needed to help the researcher to obtain the data and to classify the data. The researcher needs to follow the steps to obtain the
data effectively and to analyze the data through the data classification of The Boy in The Striped Pyjamas. The first step referred to close reading and re-reading the
novel as an effort to find the significant data. In this step, the researcher had to read the text comprehensively and thoroughly to obtain the significant the data.
Re- reading the text was necessary to convince the researcher’s interpretation
