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C. Research Design
This research is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the Collaborative Writing method
to teach writing skill viewed from students‟ creativity. Due to inability of assigning subjects to groups randomly at STAIN
Jurai Siwo Metro, this research is a quasi-experimental design. It is not possible to assign students randomly, due to the system at STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro that does
not allow the researcher to assign the subjects randomly, into experimental group and control group. Therefore, the researcher used the preexisting classes for the
experimental group and the control group. When randomized designs are not feasible, researchers must often make use of quasi-experimental designs Marczyk
et al., 2005: 37. Furthermore, the variable in this research consists of two variables;
dependent and independent variables. The dependent variable is writing skill. The independent variable consists of two kinds of variable, namely active and
attributes variables. An active independent variable is one that researcher can manipulate directly Ary et al, 2002: 311. The active independent variables are
Collaborative Writing method and Direct Instruction method. In contrast, an attribute independent variable is one that the researcher cannot actively
manipulate Ary, et al, 2002:311. In this research, the attribute variable is students‟ creativity. Further, the researcher embeds attributes variables into this
research by assigning subjects to groups based on such preexisting variables. The independent variables of either type are known as factors.Therefore, this research
uses a quasi-factorial design.
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The factorial design has several important strengths. First, it permits the simultaneous examination of more than one independent variable. This can be
critical because most, if not all, human behavior is determined by more than one variable. A second and related strength is the efficiency of the factorial design.
Because it allows us to test several hypotheses in a single research study, it can be more economical to use a factorial design than to conduct several individual
studies, in terms of both number of participants and researcher effort. Last, and perhaps most important, the factorial design allows us to look for interactions
between independent variables Marczyk et al., 2005:35. In line with this, Ary et al, 2006: 335 note that a factorial design is a
design in which the researcher can simultaneously assess the effect of two or more independent variables on the dependent variable. Factorial designs have been
developed at varying level of complexity. This research applied the simplest factorial design that is 2 x 2, which is further read as 2 by 2. In this design, both
independent and dependent variables have two levels. The design is as follows:
Table 3.2 The Simplest Factorial Design
Students’ Creativity B
Method A
Collaborative Writing A
1
Direct Instruction A
2
High B
1
A
1
B
1
A
2
B
1
Low B
2
A
1
B
2
A
2
B
2
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Where: A
1
B
1
: Students taught by using the Collaborative Writing method with the
high creativity. A
1
B
2
: Students taught by using the Collaborative Writing method with the
low creativity. A
2
B
1
: Students taught by using the Direct Instruction method with the high creativity.
A
2
B
2
: Students taught by using the Direct Instruction method with the low creativity.
D. Population, Sample, and Sampling
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