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In the last step, the teacher provides the feedback to know the responds and give correction to the students in learning process. Correct answers to
questions should be acknowledged clearly so that students will understand when their work is accurate. When student answers are hesitant, the teacher provides
process feedback. Inaccurate responses should be corrected immediately, before errors become habitual. Frequent errors are a sign that students are not ready for
independent work, and guided practice should continue.
c. Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Instruction Method
One of the key elements of Direct Instruction is a teacher-centered approach. While often overused, it is an effective instructional strategy when the
teachers goal is to provide information and teach standard procedures. Using
Direct Instruction method for teaching writing has some advantages, such as: 1
The teacher has control of the timing of the lesson. 2
Students are physically easy to monitor. 3
The teacher has control over what will be learned, and who will learn. 4
Direct Instruction enables the teacher to communicate complex knowledge or information at the students‟ level.
5 The curriculum can be covered, so the teacher can say that she taught the
material. In the other hand, Direct Instruction method has also some disadvantages
as follows:
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1 It is based on old learning theories that students must learn simple tasks
before complex ones, and that only measurable learning is worthwhile. 2
Students do not have a sense of the overall purpose of the simple steps. However, if teacher tells them the purpose, by using advance organizers, this
disadvantage is overcome. 3
Teachers cannot assess what the students‟ prior knowledge is, so will be unaware of why particular students cannot learn.
4 Retention of how to solve the problems is low, because the students have not
struggled with the problem themselves. 5
Direct Instruction is limited in its ability to help students to fully develop their abilities to think creatively and to work well in a group setting.
Based on the explanations above, the researcher can conclude that Direct Instruction is a method
that describe of the learning objective-oriented activities and flow of information between teachers and students
.
It can help the teachers to guide the students through a complex problem, with the problem broken down
into simple steps and then
the students are given one or many sample problems to accomplish on their own.
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4. Teaching Writing Using Collaborative Writing Method and Direct
