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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, I present theories from some experts that support this research. Those are about preposition, media, Lego, young learner‟s
characteristics, action research, and about this study.
2.1 General Concept of Preposition
This sub chapter includes meaning of preposition, types of preposition, problem in Learning preposition, and preposition of place.
2.1.1 Meaning of Preposition
In some languages, preposition is a relation or function word that connects a lexical word, usually a noun or pronoun, or a syntactic construction, to another
element the sentence, as to a verb, to a noun or to an adjective Webster‟s New World College Dictionary, 2000. A. S. Hornby in Oxford Advanced Learners
Dictionary 1995 defines preposition as a word or group of words used before a noun or pronoun to show e.g. place, position, time or method.
In grammar, a preposition is a part of speech that introduces a prepositional phrase. Usually, prepositions show this location in the physical
world. They describe a relationship between other words in a sentence. Frank 1972:163 writes:
The preposition is classified as a part of speech in traditional grammar. However, prepositions as well as conjunctions are differ from other
parts of speech in that 1 each is composed of a small class of words that have no formal characteristic endings; 2 each signals syntactic
structures that function as one of the other parts of speech. For these reasons modern linguists prefer to classify prepositions as structure
words rather than as parts of speech.
The prepositions usually come before the noun. They connect a noun structure to some other word in the sentence. They can be used with all forms of
nouns e.g. collective nouns, pronouns etc. Prepositions can be used before a gerund or verb in noun form. Parrot 2000: 84 states some general use of
prepositions: 1
Usually occur immediately before a noun or –ing form e.g. to work, of cooking or at the beginning of a phrase including a
noun e.g. at the cinema. These phrases can occur in various sentence positions.
2 Often occur immediately after a verb e.g. arrive at, adjective
e.g. fond of or noun e.g. interest in. When prepositions precede a verb, this is always an
–ing form e.g. I’m afraid of crying.
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that preposition is word that specify place, direction, or time and usually used before a noun or pronoun.
2.1.2 Types of Prepositions
