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Based on Marshall and Rossman theories, there are two value qualitative studies which are appropriate with the analysis of the conversation text. They are
that qualitative research cannot be done experimentally and it delves in depth into complexities and process.
Based on the theories above, I conducted the qualitative analysis in this study to interpret and describe the social contextual factors, politeness, speech function
and linguistic features in transactional and interpersonal conversation texts found in the English textbook grade VII for junior high school.
3.3. Quantitative Analysis
The explanation about qualitative analysis is different from the explanation about quantitative analysis. Alternatively, quantitative analysis is consistent with
the quantitative paradigm. Cresswel 1995 also defines quantitative analysis as an inquiry into a social or human problem, based on testing a theory composed of
variables, measured with numbers, and analyzed with statistical procedures in order to determine whether the predictive generalizations of the theory hold true.
In this study, I just used quantitative analysis to present the numbers of the results in data analysis. This analysis is especially applied in calculating numerical data
obtained from speech function, linguistic features, social contextual factors and politeness analysis.
3.4. Objects of the Study
The objects of this research are the conversation texts found in the English textbook, EOS English on Sky for junior high school student year VII. The
objects contain transactional and interpersonal conversation.
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The terms of object of the analysis can be known from Mayring’s 2000 explanation. She suggests that the object of qualitative analysis can be all sorts of
recorded communication such as transcript of interview, discourse, protocol of observations, video tape, and documents. As the objects of this research are the
conversation texts, it corresponds to what Mayring explains above.
3.5. Population
The definition of population according to Tuckman 1978 is that a group about which the researcher is interested in gaining information and drawing
conclusions. In other words, Nunan 1992 in his glossary of key terms in research, gives a definition that population is all cases , situations, or individuals
who share one or more characteristics. Conversation texts are the population in this research. The conversation texts are chosen as population in this research
because they are used as speaking materials presented to the junior high school students, year VII . Through the speaking teaching materials, the students are
supposed to be able to communicate in English actively. To give more explanation of population, Levinson 1995 states that the data consist of tape recording and
transcripts of naturally occurring conversation with little attention paid to the nature of the context as that might be theoretically conceived within
sociolinguistics or social psychology. The conversation texts exist in every unit of EOS English on Sky 1 and I analyzed them with total population. There are 75
conversation texts from 7 units of materials in the EOS English in Sky 1.
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3.6. Units of Analysis
