CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology in conducting this study, which consists of three parts. The first part discusses about subject matter that contains a
brief description of the novel. The second part is the critical approaches used in this study. The third part is about the research procedure, which discusses the
steps the writer followed to answer the two questions stated in the problem formulation.
A. Subject Matter
Mario Puzo’s The Godfather is the subject matter in this study. The Godfather is a novel written by an American author, Mario Puzo, and which was
originally published in 1969 by G. P. Putnams Sons. This novel consists of 448 pages and is divided into 32 chapters. Puzo’s works are The Dark Arena 1955,
The Fortunate Pilgrim 1965, The Runaway Summer of Davie Shaw childrens
book 1966, The Godfather 1969, Fools Die 1978, The Sicilian 1984, The Fourth K
1990, The Last Don 1996, Omertà 2000, The Family 2001. The Godfather
is his best-known novel from other novels he wrote. According to Cawelti in Adventure, Mystery, and Romance: Formula
Stories as Art and Popular Culture, the novel The Godfather belongs to popular literature genre. This novel provides a portrait of an organized crime family, The
Corleone Family. In The Godfather, Puzo takes us inside the violence-infested
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society of the Mafia and its gang wars. He shows us its trials by gunfire and torture and the nature of Mafia friendship. The Godfather is essentially the story
of a man and his power. It describes the story of a fictitious Sicilian Mafia family headed by Don Vito Corleone and called as The Godfather. The Godfather is a
friendly man, a reasonable man, a just man. The godfather is a man who values highly on friendship. Another thing is that The Godfather is a person who does
not give too many promises, but if he promises something to his friends, then he will do extreme things like having someone killed to keep his word.
B. Approach
In conducting this study, I use sociocultural- historical approach as proposed by Rohrberger and Woods in Reading and Writing about Literature. A
family for Italians is a sacred matter. They respect the meaning of family and its values so much. That is why sociocultural-historical approach is used in this
study, so I can get the understanding of the Italian culture relating to family values. The settings of the novel are in Italy and America, so I need to use the
sociocultural-historical approach. The reason of using socio-cultural-historical approach is that because the understanding of social, culture and political
situations in Italy and America are important to reveal the life events developed in the novel. Rohrberger and Wood say that this approach can lead to an ethical
judgement concerning the truth of an author’s statements. Then, what we read on the novel is proven with the events that happened in the real life at that moment.
C. Method of the Study
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