CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter includes all the theories that support the analysis of the novel. It consists of the Theoretical review, Family, Loyalty, Types of Crime, Review on
Italian Culture and The Theoretical Framework.
A. Theoretical Review
This part contains the literary theory related to the study. The theory is the theory of critical approaches.
1. Critical Approaches
According to Rohrberger and Woods Jr in Reading and Writing about Literature Rohrberger and Woods Jr 3, there are five approaches that can be
applied to analyze a work of literature. They are the formalist approach, the biographical approach, the sociocultural-historical approach, the mythopoeic
approach, and the psychological approach. The first approach is the formalist approach. It emphasizes on the total
integrity of the literary piece. It focuses on its esthetic value and through how meaning is derived from structure and how matters of technique determine
structure Rohrberger and Woods Jr 6. The second one is the biographical approach. This is the approach in
which we consider the author’s background to appreciate his work of literature. It insists that a work of art is a reflection of personality; therefore, it is necessary to
appreciate the ideas and personality of the author to an understanding of the 7
literary object. The basis of writing the literary work is the knowledge and sources about the author Rohrberger and Woods Jr 8.
The third one is the sociocultural-historical approach. It insists that the attitudes and the actions are the “subject matter” of the literature. The critics are
required to pay attention to the social environment in which the work of literature is written and to its influence towards the work of literature Rohrberger and
Woods 9. The fourth one is the mythopoeic approach. It seeks to discover
universally repeated structures are structures that found first expression in ancient myths and folk rites and they are so basic to human thought that they have
meaning to all men Rohrberger and Woods Jr 11. The last one is the psychological approach. This approach pays attention to
the certain repeated structure but the attention is from the different knowledge’s point of view, namely psychological theories. This approach leads to the
exploration of the unconscious area of the human mind, which led to the conclusion that it was this area that was wellspring of man rich imagination, his
capacity for creation and the complexity of his thought, behavior, and that the contents of his region of the mind found expression in symbolic words, thoughts
and action Rohrberger and Woods Jr 13. This study uses the sociocultural-historical approach. The settings of the
novel are in Italy and the United States of America and in a particular of time. The Corleones also live like true Italian style although they live in America. They still
use Italian language, even they still eat Italian food. The sociocultural-historical approach then is used to analyse this family.
2. Family
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