What DSS Can Do For You: Classification of DSS: Continued
What DSS Can Do For You: Classification of DSS: Continued
5. Systems based on representational models • Dependence between a controllable variable and an
outcome • Probabilistic results
• Risk analysis models 6. Systems based on optimization models
• Developed by management scientists to determine
optimal allocation of resources or best possible schedules
7. Systems with suggestion models • Narrow domains of knowledge combined with DSS with an
expert system
Building a Decision Support System Building a Decision Support System
1. Specific DSS • Actual system that a manager works with during
the decision process • DSS must be customized to the environment with
extensive modifications • DSSs evolve as time passes
Building a Decision Support System Continued Building a Decision Support System Continued
2. DSS Generators • A software package
• Capabilities are programmed into the generator
3. DSS Tools • Programming languages to access arrays of data,
spreadsheet packages, statistical packages, and DBMS with a query facility
Building a Decision Support System: How a DSS is Developed
Building a Decision Support System: How a DSS is Developed
• 1. The Quick Hit Approach 1. Most DSS come into being this way
2. Most DSSs are built for the personal use of
decision maker 3. Initiative is from the individual manager making
the DSS either built by the manager or a less formal DSS group
4. Use a DSS generator- spreadsheets 5. Level of investment is low with a high payoff
Building a Decision Support System: How a DSS is Developed
Building a Decision Support System: How a DSS is Developed
• 2. Traditional Life Cycle Development 1. Large software systems
2. Detailed system planning and analysis,
progressing through the design stages followed by coding and testing, and then implementation
3. Process is lengthy with no partial system to work before the system is complete
4. Complex systems for many users with informational requirements established early in
the analysis process
Building a Decision Support System: How a DSS is Developed
Building a Decision Support System: How a DSS is Developed
• 3. Iterative Development 1. Develop a prototype of the system
2. Creation of a prototype and its progressive
refinement 3. The development of the system is completed the
future user 4. The iterative, repetitive process of prototype
refinement follows
Problem Definition by Users and Developers
Development of Initial Prototype
PrototypeDSS Evaluation
PrototypeDSS Modification
Validation and Documentation of DSS
Are Current Requirements
Satisfied?
no
DSS Ready for Use
Develop- ment
Loop Adaptation
Loop
yes
Group Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems
• Designed to support group communication and decision processes within a group
• More demand for experts
Group Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems
• Creativity in Group Decision Making – Brainstorming- A group decision making technique
to generate ideas – Synectics- A group decision making technique
where only the best ideas are further considered – Nominal Group Technique- Addresses the needs of
groups in which there are opinions, defensive arguments; participants work alone, and then
circulate their ideas for evaluation – Delphi Technique- A method for soliciting the
opinions of a group of experts and arrive at a consensus of an anonymous process
Group Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems
• Capabilities of GDSS – Share information
– Exchange ideas – Compare alternative solutions with the use of
models and data – Vote and negotiate in order to arrive at a
consensus – Need software modules acting as tools
– Members of a group work simultaneously and
anonymously • Capabilities of GDSS
– Share information – Exchange ideas
– Compare alternative solutions with the use of
models and data – Vote and negotiate in order to arrive at a
consensus – Need software modules acting as tools
– Members of a group work simultaneously and
anonymously
Group Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems
1. Level 1 GDSS- Facilitate communication among group members
