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power is not only attached between individuals but also role-sets, such as employer-employee, teacher-learner, and gangster-victim.
3 Rank of Imposition
Brown and Levinson 1987 explain that the rank of imposition is the degree of a matter that is considered as the interference to the face of the hearer.
This interference is the FTA that the speaker made. The rank of imposition can be identified by two variables which are the imposition toward the positive face and
negative face. For the positive face, the imposition is assessed by the amount of threat given to hearer positive face. Then, for the negative face, there are two
scales that identify the rank of the imposition, namely the imposition requiring services including the provision of time and the imposition requiring goods
including non-material goods like information. Both impositions cover actions which cause FTAs. When the speaker shows greater FTAs in his utterances, the
imposition of the act is also getting greater. Thus, the speaker will use highly standard politeness strategies in speaking.
B. Review of Related Studies
This section is to review other related studies previously done on the same topic. In doing this research, the writer needs to seek for references from related
studies. Many researchers conducted a research on politeness analysis. There are two studies that will be reviewed by the writer.
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The first study is an example of the research on politeness written by Kristianingrum 2006, which aims to analyze the type of politeness strategies that
are used through daily conversation in Thank You for Smoking movie. The writer tried to find what politeness strategies are used in conversation and analyze the
factors that influences the use of politeness strategies based on Brown and Levi
nson‟s theory. In analyzing the data, the writer employed the discourse analysis to find
out the research problems. The study found into four types of politeness strategies Bald-on Record, Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness, and Off-record.
Further, the factors that may influence the use of politeness strategies is determined by the social distance, relative power, and degree of imposition.
The second study is written by Prameswari 2015, which aims to analyzed the use of politeness strategies in
“A Walk to Remember” movie by the main female character of the movie, Jamie.
The main female character‟s utterances were categorized into four politeness strategies of Brown and Levinson
‟s theory Bald-On Record, Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness and Off- Record. The
writer also applied Spolsky‟s theory to analyze the characters‟ utterances.
The writer concluded that the intentions of applying politeness strategies are the relation between laguage and gender, language style, social situations, and
solidarity. However, those two studies provided sufficient information and references on politeness strategies. Furthermore, those studies led the writer to
complete understanding in classifying the politeness strategies employed by the main characters of Twilight movie.
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C. Theoretical Framework
