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15. Giving gifts to hearer can be in the form of goods, sympathy,
understanding and cooperation.
This strategy shows that the speaker can satisfy hearer‟s positive face by
actually satisfying some of the hearer‟s wants. For example: “I just know that your dog died yesterday. I‟m sorry to hear
that. ”
The speaker gave a gift to the hearer by giving sympathy and understanding.
3. Negative Politeness Strategy
Brown and Levinson 1987 define negative politeness as redressive action addressed to the addressee‟s negative face: his want to have his freedom of action
unhindered and his attention unimpeded. It means that the redress concerns hearer‟s freedom of action and autonomy. Negative politeness focuses on the
action of minimizing particular imposition carried by the FTA. This strategy presume that the speaker will be imposing on the listener. Negative face is the
desire to have freedom of action. Brown and Levinson 1987, pp. 132-211 have classified ten sub strategies of negative politeness strategy, those are:
1. Be direct
This strategy includes indirect speech acts that contain of indirect request. When a speaker produces an utterance in accordance with the negative politeness,
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it means that speaker wants to achieve what they want through the FTA but also wants to redress it.
For example, “Can you please pass the salt?”
2. Do not presume assume hearer
This strategy is done by not presuming and assuming that the FTA is desired or accepted by the hearer. This strategy namely question and hedge.
Hedge may be functioned to soften command and turn it into a polite suggestion. For example, “Won‟t you open the door?”
3. Being pessimistic
Do not coerce hearer means that the speaker does not persuade hearer to do something forcefully. This can be done by stating an option for the hearer that
may not do the act. This also can be done by assuming that hearer does not want to do the act.
For example, “Could you jump over that five-foot fence?”
4. Minimizing the imposition
This strategy is used to minimize the imposition or the threat toward the negative face of the hearer. The minimization can be done by choosing some
words which shows the minimum state of a matter. For example, “Could I borrow your pen just for a minute”.
5. Giving difference
This strategy explained that giving difference is the act of humbling oneself and fulfill hearer‟s want of respect. This can be done by using particular
addressing form for someone that is superior. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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For e xample, “Excuse me sir, would you mind if I close the window?”
6. Apologizing
By apologizing the speaker can show the unwillingness to threat the face of the hearer or to impinge on hearer.
For example, “I am sorry to bother you, but please tell him to call me tonight.”
7. Impersonalizing the speaker and hearer in a conversation
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