surface and depth representation. Surface representation is known as optical realism. It means this representation is dealed with the “visible”. Then, depth
representation emerges from the “visible”. Meaning to say, this kind of representation leads us to discover the hidden facts from the visible. It can be said
that depth representation needs an effort to analyse. It is a representation of essences Gibson, 1996: 81-87.
4. Theory of Western Hegemony
It is stated on the book of Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies that hegemony refers to the exercise of ideology. According to Antonio Gramsci,
hegemony is the domination of the dominating group by consent. Essentially, hegemony is the power of the dominating group to make other groups believe that
his or her values are the values of all. It is working in many aspects of life in a particular society, like in economic and educational aspects, and in the media. The
dominating group is definitely promoting and maintaining the Eurocentric views as the common views to the local in a natural way Ashcroft et all, 1998: 116-
117. From this point, hegemony is an effective way to influence the mechanism of the local’s brain. It is due to the interest to strengthen the position of the
dominating group in a certain society.
C. Theoretical Framework
Here, four main theories will be used to analyse J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace, namely, theory of character and characterization, theory of postcolonialism,
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theory of representation, and theory of western hegemony. These theories help to get the understanding of the discussed elements.
Theory of character and characterization is going to be used to discover the qualities of the main character, David Lurie, and to understand how the
character is described in the novel. Theory of postcolonialism will show the position of the character, David Lurie, in this text. By using this theory, the writer
will be able to analyse the interrelatedness of the main character and the labelled qualities of the coloniser. The theory of representation will enable the writer to
explore a certain meaning of the creation of the main character. Finally, theory of western hegemony will give a deep understanding of how hegemony can be
operated in the society.
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