theory of representation, and theory of western hegemony. These theories help to get the understanding of the discussed elements.
Theory of character and characterization is going to be used to discover the qualities of the main character, David Lurie, and to understand how the
character is described in the novel. Theory of postcolonialism will show the position of the character, David Lurie, in this text. By using this theory, the writer
will be able to analyse the interrelatedness of the main character and the labelled qualities of the coloniser. The theory of representation will enable the writer to
explore a certain meaning of the creation of the main character. Finally, theory of western hegemony will give a deep understanding of how hegemony can be
operated in the society.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into three parts, namely the object of the study, the approach of the study, and the method of the study. The object of the study talks
about the literary works that is analysed. The approach of the study gives information about the approach used in analysing the literary work, the way to
apply it, and the reason why the approach is used. The method of the study describes the steps to analyse the literary work.
A. Object of the Study
This study analyses one of J. M. Coetzee works entitled Disgrace, which is written in 1999. The novel is published by Vintage, London, in 2000. The novel
has 220 pages and contains 24 chapters. The novel won the 1999 Booker Prize, Britain’s most important literary
award. A member of Parliament and the chairman of the judges’ panel, Gerald Kaufman, said the novel was ”an allegory about what is happening to the human
race in the post-colonial era” http:www.nytimes.comlibrarybooks. He added, “In a sense this is a millennial book because it takes us through the 20
th
century into a new century in which the source of power is shifting away from Western
Europe” http: www.nytimes.comlibrarybooks. The novel is about the main character, named David Lurie, who works as a
lecturer in Cape Technical University. He is a professor on Communication and
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Romantic Poetry. He teaches his classes dutifully. He is a 52 year-old-man without a wife. He feels that he lives in harmony because he has everything that
he wants, including a good reputation in the society, and woman. When he goes to his daughter’s farmhouse in the country, he wants to show his power and
superiority as the European person. He thinks that the local person like Petrus, his daughter’s neighbour, does not have right to get high social status. According to
him, the local people are in the lower position in the society. Throughout the story, it is clearly seen that David Lurie has imposed his belief to the others.
B. Approach of the Study
In this study, the writer applies the postcolonial approach. The approach is used because this thesis is concerned with the study of the western hegemony as
represented in J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace through the main character. Charles E. Bressler in his book entitled Literary Criticism: An Introduction
to Theory and Practice notes that postcolonial approach concerns with the literary works produced in colonised countries. It appreciates the creative writings from
the colonised countries, and excludes the European and American’s ways of thinking. It investigates the clash culture between the Whites and the local people
1999: 265-266. In addition, Peter Bary in the book of Beginnning Theory An Introduction
to literary and cultural theory says that Postcolonial approach rejects the idea of Eurocentric universalism, which believes that the European or the Whites is
superior, and the local is inferior. It looks on cultural difference, diversity, and
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