Review of Related Studies
wants to protect Calixta from the storm. However, the storm finally changes their attitudes from the previous good man and woman into an illegal couple by
committing adultery. The reason behind their change can be explained by of Freudian theory of id, ego, and superego. The fact that Calixta and Alcee still have passion
toward each other as the result of an unfinished love story between them in the past within their unconscious part of mind is the main reason of the adultery.
The study conducted by Widiantono uses the same approach as this thesis, which is the psychoanalytic approach. Another similarity is about the way the two
researches are conducted. This thesis is conducted by analysing the intrinsic elements of the story, and then moves on to the extrinsic elements.
Both Widiantono’s research and this thesis are analyzing the intrinsic elements on the characterization of the
characters in the novels. The difference between the study conducted by Widiantono and this thesis lies on
the way Widiantono tries to find the significance of story’s setting in helping the
characters’ unconscious wills come up. This thesis does not use the significance of setting in its analysis. However, Widiantono prefers to jump to the conclusion than
finding the symbol of “the storm” itself in awakening the unconscious part of Alcee
a nd Calixta’s minds. Another difference lies on the theory that is being used.
Widiantono uses the theory of Freudian about id, ego, and superego. This thesis, however, uses the Freudian theory of feminine Oedipus complex in revealing
character development. This thesis avoids using the same theory about id, ego, and
superego in defining the characters because the theory has been overused by many researchers.
Another study almost similar to this thesis is an article titled “The Tell-Tale Art:
A Psychoanalytic Study of Poe’s Short Stories” by Mark Twain. In his study, he analyses three of Edgar Allan Poe’s story, which are “The Fall of the House of
Usher ”; “Morella”; and “The Tell-Tale Heart”. As we know, Poe’s stories are always
out of ordinary. He seems to know how to amaze the reader by making a story that have never been thought before. Most of his pieces of writings are gothic. Twain, in
this article, wants to identify the reason behind Poe’s unique writing. In conducting his study, firstly, he chooses three famous short stories of Poe.
From his analysis on “The Fall of the House of Usher” and “Morella”, he finds out
that the Madeline and Morella are the depiction of Edgar’s mother who passes away when he is only an infant. It can be seen from the relation of both Madeline with
Usher as the major characters in “The Fall of the House of Usher”, and the relation of
the little Morella and her father in “Morella”. All of these female characters have
blood relations with the major male characters. However, these female characters become the fantasy of the male major characters. The third short story which he
analyses is “The Tell- Tale Heart”. In this story, we find no female characters, only
males. The narrator in this story kills the old man with no exact logical reason. Twain in this article says that the motive behind the murder is because the
narrator develops Oedipus complex. Oedipus complex is a sexual desire of a son to eliminate his father and become the mate of his mother. He assumes that the reason
the narrator kills the old man is to fulfil his deep fantasy to kill his father symbolized by the old man.
From Twain’s analysis on those three short stories, he concludes that the short stories by Edgar Allan Poe are ac
tually the representation of Edgar’s unconscious mind. Edgar wants to eliminate his father and replaces his father position
since he develops oedipal fixation. Both
of Twain’s study and this study discuss the result of people who can not overcome their infants’ sexual desires. However, this thesis does not apply Oedipus
complex theory, but Feminine Oedipus complex. It is merely because of the different gender of the object of study. Furthermore,
Twain’s object of study is the author and his writings, while the object of this thesis is the character represented in the narrative
work. Another study is a study conducted by
Rami Blair with the title “Turn Me On: Christian Grey, Anastasia Steele, and the Politics of Pleasure in Fifty Shades of
Grey” which discusses the same novel as this thesis. Blair does not only analyse Fifty Shades of Grey but also the other two books of this trilogy. He also analyses Fifty
Shades of Darker and Fifty Shades of Freed. In his paper, he tries to give an alternative conclusion to the question made by
many contemporary feminists and queer studies critics about the patriarchy in sex found in the novel. As we know, Christian is depicted as Dominant; he controls
Anastasia both in the bedroom and outside the bedroom. He even uses Anastasia’s
orgasm to threat her so that she will follow all of his instruction. It makes many contemporary feminists studies and queer studies say that the relation of Christian
and Anastasia is the symbol of modern patriarchy. The study conducted by Rami intends
to find the nature of Christian and Anastasia’s relationship using psychoanalytic approach.
The very first step of Blair’s study is his analysis towards Anastasia Steele’s depiction. In his study, he depicts Anastasia as “a cold-blooded academic who
expresses general disinterest in her erotic side” Blair, 2013. The fact that she accepts Christian raises a big confusion. Blair says that actually the inner goddess
represents Anastasia’s Eros the representation of feminine Eros. In the novel, Anastasia has “eschewed the traditional promiscuous collegiate sexual lifestyle for
the classic texts of Hardy, Wilde, and the Brontë sisters” Blair, 2013. It shows that actually her knowledge about sex is far from expert compared to the modern
definition of sexual consciousness; she is sexually infantile. Blair also uses the definition of virgin based on Victorian notion that virgin is not about doing the first
sexual intercourse but about the loss of innocence. It means that Anastasia is still virgin even after doing her first penetration with Christian as her sex consciousness is
still dormant and not yet awake. After depicting Steele, then Blair tries to depict Grey. Christian Greyis depicted
as a man who develops psychosexual disorder. He does not know the essence of sex acts as he uses sex,
especially his mate’s orgasm, to control her mates. In the Fifty Shades of Darker, we can see that he develops Oedipus complex since he says that
Anastasia looks like her biological mother and makes him wants to spank her harder.
However, Anastasia has the same power too. Anastasia does the same thing as Grey. It is shown when Anastasia creates certain hard-limits in order to control
Christian. Then, it also erases the symbol of patriarchy in sex as both of Anastasia and Christian are using sex as their weapons in controlling each other which we may
call as the politics of pleasure. The study conducted by Blair uses the same novel and the same approach as this
thesis, but the difference lies in the focus of the study. Blair, in his study, intends to find the na
ture of Christian and Anastasia’s relationship as many critics say that their relationship is the symbol of patriarchy in sex, but this thesis only focuses on the
contradiction between Anastasia Steele’s masochism and her personality.
Another similar study with this one is Yopi Jalu Paks i’s undergraduate thesis,
titled “The Idea of Electra Complex in Sylvia Plath’s “Daddy””. In his undergraduate
thesis, Paksi tries to see the idea of Electra complex in the poem Daddy. In conducting his study, he tries to find the symbolical meaning of “Daddy” in this
poem as the author in the poem depicts “Daddy” as a symbol of Nazi. He tries to find
the symbolical meaning of “Daddy” in the author’s life and in the poem. Then, he finds that the depiction of
“Daddy” by the author is the symbol of disappointment of the child because she can’t have the love of her “Daddy”. Due to that, “Daddy” is
symbolized as a Nazi which is full of cruelty; he can not give the love that the daughter wants.
Both of Paksi and this thesis use the theory of Oedipus complex in female. The difference is Paksi uses the term from Jungian which is Electra complex while this
thesis uses the term from Freudian which is feminine Oedipus complex. In the research, Paksi tries to find the significance of the author
’s past life towards its work while this thesis only focus on the character in the narrative work with no inference
from the author.