Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

Fifty Shades of Grey has first published as a non-printed novel. In 2011, The Writer’s Coffee Shop Publishing House in Australia published this novel as a printed novel. Fifty Shades of Grey was written by a British author, E. L James. It sold more than 70 million copies less than a year of its printed publication. It made this book one of the New York Times Bestseller Novels in 2011. Fifty Shades of Grey i s the first book of James’s trilogy. The other two books of this trilogy are Fifty Shades of Darker and Fifty Shades of Freed. The genre of this trilogy is erotic romance. Fifty Shades of Grey is composed by twenty six chapters consisting of 514 pages. In the very first few chapters of this book, the readers are offered a conventional romantic story between a rich man and an innocent student. However, it turns out to be an unexpected love story between a rich, albeit a practitioner of BDSM and an innocent student. The rich man has turned this innocent virgin student to be a masochist. It makes this novel filled with many depictions of harsh sexual acts done by the couple. Apart from the content, this novel has also led to controversial for many critics. Many feminist and queerer argue this book as “a hidden symbol of patriarchy in sex” Blair, 2011:1 since Christian in this novel uses sex Anastasia’s orgasm to control Anastasia.

B. Approach of the Study

This study will use psychoanalytic approach. Psychoanalytic approach is “a form of literary criticism which uses some of the techniques of psychoanalysis in the interpretation of literature” Barry, 2009: 92. Psychoanalysis itself is “a method of treating emotional and p sychological disorders” Bressler, 1999: 148. In short, psychoanalytic approach is an approach to analyze literary works using psychoanalysis. The psychoanalytic approach is used by the writer of this study because the purpose of this study is to find th e reason behind Anastasia’s psychological disorder as a masochist. Psychoanalytic approach is assumed to be the most suitable approach to explain Anastasia Steele’s destructive behavior as it makes us understand about how “life- events, as we grow up, that shape our psychological development, and these early experiences tend to play out in our adult lives” Bressler, 1999. Unconsciously, people are shaped by every moment of life that they experience. Every moment gives them problems. Naturally, the problems that can not be overcome are repressed by their minds. This repression can lead them to do certain destructive behaviors such as what happens to Anastasia Steele as a masochist. Furthermore, since this novel is written using Anastasia Steele’s point of view, it makes psychoanalytic analysis more applicable to use.

C. Method of the Study

The method of this study was library research. There were several books, journals and articles had been used to support this thesis. The primary source of this research was the novel itself, Fifty Shades of Grey by E.L James, as the main purpose of this study was to analyze the major female character’s psyche in the novel.Beside the novel itself, this thesis also used several sources as the secondary sources to support this research. One of those secondary sources was book by M. H Abrams titled A Glossary Literary Term Seventh Edition on the theory of characters and characterization. Understanding Unseen by Murphy was also added as a secondary source to complete the previous theory about characters and characterization. Others secondary sources were the book by Peter Barry titled Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory and Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice by Bressler were needed to give the fundamental understanding about psychoanalytic approach. A book from David Neale entitled Abnormal Psychology Revised Sixth Edition was also used to give the basic understanding on how people can be masochists. Apart the printed sources, this thesis also used non-printed book. They were books from Sigmund Freud ent itled “Female Sexuality” and Feminist Theory and Literary Practice by Deborah L. Madsen. Those books discussed about the theory of Feminine Oedipus complex. The steps taken in conducting this study were based on the sequence of the problem formulation. It started from the intrinsic elements then moved to the