8 passions so that the best thing will happen in His time. In her criticism, she also
said that she learnt about attitude. As human beings, people should not judge others‟
actions and
judge ourselves
by our
intentions http:www.goodreads.comreviewshow637843285.
Another criticism was written by Marella L. Barcelon in the analysis forum of
Facing the Giants.
The discussion is about the definition of leadership. Marella L. Barcelon discussed about the developing leaders for the community. In the
discussion, she stated that leadership is the process of influencing the followers of the leader to achieve their goal through changes. She analyzed a part which Grant
Taylor helped his team in changing their perspective of always winning https:prezi.com1dhptud5j5e4analysis-facing-the-giants.
Based on the explanations above, those two critics have their criticisms about this novel which are about the value of the novel and the definition of
leadership. Additionally, there is no student of Sanata Dharma University who has conducted a research on this novel. Therefore, in this study, the researcher
analyzes an aspect of how Grant Taylor‟s personality influences on his football
team‟s motivation as seen in this novel.
B. Review of Related Theories
In conducting this study, the researcher needs some theories to support the analysis in order to answer the two research questions. They are theory of
character, theory of characterization, theory of personality, theory of personal development, theory of motivation and theory of needs.
9
1. Theory of Character
Character is an important part of a story. In analyzing this character, the researcher used Robert
‟s and Jacobs‟ theory 1989. As Robert and Jacob 1989 say, when someone wants to analyze a character in a story, he needs to understand
every single action, speech, and thought of the character so that he can arrange the details of the character p. 119.
Based on Robert ‟s and Jacobs‟ theory 1989, there are two types of a
character in a story, namely a round character and a flat character. A round character is the character in a story that always develops, changes and grows. It
mostly appears in many parts. A flat character is the character which is not so important or not
as the center of the readers‟ attentions. It mostly does not change, grow or develop pp. 120-121.
2. Theory of Characterization
In analyzing characteristics of the characters in the novel, the researcher needs to know about a characterization of each character. Therefore, the
researcher used Murphy‟s theory of characterization. This theory helped the researcher to understand the characters in a story. As Murphy 1972 says, there
are nine ways to understand the characters that appear in a story. They are personal description, characters as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation
of others, reactions, direct comments, thoughts, and mannerisms pp. 161-173.
a. Personal Description
In personal description, the author describes a character by his appearance or clothing pp. 161-162. The author can also tell the readers about the
10 character‟s appearance in details so that the readers can imagine the character‟s
appearance. The purpose is to help the readers understand the character by knowing his appearance and clothing clearly.
b. Characters as seen by another
In a literary work, the author can describe a character through other characters‟ opinions in a story pp. 162-164. It also can be presented as a positive
comment or a negative comment so that it can help the readers understand the character well. The purpose is to deliver a description of the character to the
readers.
c. Speech
Another way that can be used by the author to describe a character is by giving a clue through the way of the character speaks pp. 164-166. The readers
can understand the kind of the character by knowing the language and words that are used by the character. For example, it can be presented as a motivating word
or other kinds of words so that the readers can guess the character that is described.
d. Past Life
The author can use the past life of a character to describe the characteristics of a character pp. 166-167. The author can also present a clue of the character by
using the past life of the character. It can be in a form of direct comment from other characters or the character‟s experiences. It also can be the character‟s
conversations or actions that have been done with the others in the past life. The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
11 purpose of using the past life is to help the readers understand the characteristics
of the characters well.
e. Conversation of others
The author can give a description of a character through a conversation with other characters pp. 167-168. In having a conversation, the character shows
his characteristi cs. By giving an explanation of the characters‟ conversation, it can
help the readers know a real characteristic of the character by understanding what they say about the other characters.
f. Reaction
The author ca n also use the way of a character‟s response to the situations
in a story pp. 168-170. It can be seen when the character gives reactions to the problems because every person has a different way in reacting something that
happens in their lives. By knowing the character‟s responses, it can help the readers understand the characteristic of the characters.
g. Direct Comments
The author gives direct comments to describe a characteristic of a character pp. 170-171. The purpose of using direct comments is to give the readers a way
in imagining the characteristics of the character in a story. It can help the readers know what the author wants in describing the character by understanding the
direct comments that are given by the author.
h. Thoughts
The author can show a dir ect knowledge of a character‟s thinking and
feeling by writing down something that describes about the characteristic of the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
12 character pp. 171-172. It can help the readers see about what a certain person so
that they can understand a characteristic of the way of the character thinks.
i. Mannerism
Showing manners or habits of a character can be a way for the author in describing a characteristic of the character p. 173. The author also can tell the
characteristic of the character to the readers explicitly or implicitly. It can also show whether the character has a good personality or not.
3. Theory of Personality Development
As human beings in society, people always have a relation with other people around them. They live in their own uniqueness, talents, and personalities.
It means that there are many differences around them. The differences sometimes make a problem that needs some efforts to solve it. In solving the problem, people
need to have a good personality. When someone can solve his problem, it can motivate him for doing something because every single moment can give a
significant ef fect to human‟s personality. Based on the focus of this study, namely
Grant‟s personality, the researcher would like to explain some important points of personality development. In this part, the researcher discusses the meaning of
personality, the kinds of personality change, and the conditions responsible for personality change.
a. The meaning of personality
Allport defines personality as “the dynamic organization with in the
individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and
thought” as cited in Hurlock, 1974, p. 7. It can be said that PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
