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d. Types and Examples of Scaffolding
Lombard 2004 in her paper of Support Students with Diverse Learning Needs through Scaffolding their Learning summarizes six types of scaffolding and
the examples included. 1.
Functional Scaffolding. It means that the scaffolding which is provided is
aimed at helping learner to understand how to use andor interpret the software. Example: tutorials, instructions, and explanations of
representations. 2.
Process Scaffolding. In this type, scaffolding helps learners understand hisher path within the software. Example: sequencing; mandatory
voluntary; linear, non-linear, hierarchical; and history of users path. 3.
Content Scaffolding. Scaffolding helps the learner figure out an answer. The scaffolding in this type can be in a form of hints and content
information. 4.
Metacognitive Scaffolding. It helps the learner to be aware of hisher own learning through reflection and monitoring. Examples: assessment of
understanding Do I know moreunderstand better now?, and progress reflection through the learning process.
5. Interpersonal Scaffolding. This scaffolding helps facilitate social
interaction through class management, turn taking, and communication. 6.
Procedural Scaffolding. It supports a communication process
Furthermore, Lombard 2004 gives some examples of scaffolding that are commonly used in class. The examples intended are graphic organizers such as
18 charts, diagrams, graphs; guides such as listening guides, viewing guides;
templates such as writing templates, storyboards; prompts like sentence starters; and supports like modeling, questions that activate student knowledge,
translations, glossaries, calculators, explanations and clarifications.
e. Significance
Scaffolding can be applied in every learning situation and in every level of students. Henry 2002: 12, an educational practitioner, stated that this strategy is
appropriate to be used in teaching adult. The concept of ZPD helps teachers or lecturers know the student’s ability so it is easier to know where the learning takes
place. He continued to state convincingly that “scaffolding strategy is a style of teaching that can be instrumental to student growth” and can be incorporated with
other teaching style Henry, 2002: 12. Scaffolding strategy has some basic and essential implications to students such as assisting the students to perform
independently and also encouraging falling students to develop their cognitive in terms of self-efficacy and self esteem Lange, 2002: 13.
3. Teaching Reading
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