CHAPTER 3 METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter deals with research method that discusses experimental research, research design, subject of the research, instrument for collecting data,
data collecting, data analysis, and method of data analysis.
3.1 Experimental Research
In this research the writer uses quantitative approach. A quantitative approach is a numerical method of describing observations of material or
characteristics Best, 1981: 154. One of quantitative approach is experimental research.
Arikunto 2003: 272 states that experimental research is a research which has a purpose to investigate whether there is an effect of “something” that is
treated to the subject of research. In this research, the researcher tries to arouse a condition or situation and then tries to find out the effect. In other words, an
experiment is conducted in order to know the effect of the treatment.
3.2 Research Design
Research design refers to the outline, plan, or strategy specifying the procedure to be used in seeking an answer to the research question Christensen,
2001:233. 22
There are several designs of the experimental design. One of them is pre- experimental design.
In this research, the writer uses pre-experimental design. Pre-experimental design is a design which a single group is often studied but no comparison
between an equivalent non-treatment group is made Heffner, 2004. Heffner also stated that a benefit of this design is the inclusion of a pre-test to determine
baseline scores. In this kind of research, there are three designs drawn in pre- experimental design. They are one-shot case study, one group pre-test post-test
study, and static group comparison study. In this research, the writer used one group pre-test post-test design. The aim of this design is to evaluate the influence
of a variable Leedy, 1997: 232-233. By this design, one group is given a pretest, followed by treatments, and
finally a posttest. Besides, there is no comparison group in this design. One group pre-test post-test design can be described as follows:
O1 X
O2 Key:
O1 = pre-test
X = treatment
O2 = post-test
Figure 3.1 Pre-Experimental Design by Heffner in Research Methods for Education,
Psychology, and the Social Sciences
The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Kutowinangun located on Jl. Raya Barat No. 185 Kutowinangun, Kebumen. In this research, there was one
group that was experimented based on this design. Therefore, the writer only used one class in collecting data, whereas the other class was used to measure the
validity of the test that would be used in the class experimented. In this case, the writer used two classes for try-out group and experimental group. The writer
chose class XI IPA 3 for try-out group and class XI IPA 1 for experimental group.
3.3 Subject of the Research
Kategori