44
or sentences that contained politeness strategies including bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record strategies. Then, she compiled
these raw data into the data sheet that she already made. Finally, she made sure that the data collected was ready to be analyzed by re-reading the transcript and
re-watching the movie itself.
E. Data Analysis Technique
In analyzing the data taken from the script of The Great Debaters, the researcher worked under a comprehensive framework in analyzing politeness
including identifying the types of politeness strategies, the realizations of politeness strategies, and the sociological factors affecting the preference of
politeness strategies. It referred to qualitative description in finding politeness strategies performed by Melvin B. Tolson. The researcher more or less analyzed
the data by following phases of qualitative research analysis. They include organizing and preparing the raw data, reading through all data, interrelating
themes or description, interpreting the data, and concluding the result Creswell, 2009: 185.
According to Vanderstoep and Johnson 2009:191, data analysis occurs right after the data are collected. Therefore, preparing the data in this research was
actually done in the process of collecting data, in which after she obtained the raw data, she read and classified them into manageable units based on the types of
politeness strategies, the realizations of strategies, and the sociological factors affecting the preference of politeness strategies. Then she interrelated and
interpreted the data. In the processes of interpreting the data, pragmatic analysis
45
was used. Finally, after gaining the result, she drew conclusions and gave suggestions.
F. Trustworthiness of Data
Establishing trustworthiness guarantees the quality of findings. Trustworthiness of data consists of reliability and validity. Reliability refers to the
consistency of the research, while validity refers to the accuracy of the findings Gibbs in Creswell, 2009: 190. In order to get trustworthiness of the data, the
researcher used triangulation technique. This triangulation utilizes sources outside the data to verify the data or to compare them to make sure that the research is
valid and reliable. First of all, the data of the research were triangulated by using several
theories and sources. The theory used was Brown and Levinson’s theory of
politeness in Goody’s book entitled Question and Politeness issued in 1978.
Furthermore, the data findings of the research were triangulated by two linguistics students
as researcher’s peer reviewers. The data were read and re-read comprehensively by them. Then, the result of the triangulated data findings were
consulted to the researcher’s supervisors. By applying these, the validity and reliability of the research could be achieved.
46
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
