1 Independent Variable. Independent variable is the presumed cause of the dependent variable. In this
experiment, the independent variable is using semantic mapping strategy in teaching reading comprehension of narrative text.
2 Dependent Variable Dependent variable is the presumed effect of the independent variable. The
dependent variable in this experiment is the students’ comprehend in reading narrative text.
3.4 Research Instrument
In any scientific research, instrument for collecting data was absolutely important. The accuracy of the result of research was mostly dependent on how
accurate the use of instrument. Before research carried out, the instrument for the data collection should be well prepared.
Based on the research problems, the writer used reading test as an instrument. Ary 1979: 216 stated that a test is a set of stimuli present to an
individual in order to elicit responses on the basic of which a numerical score can be designed. The score measured by statistic formula. Arikunto 2006: 150 added
“test is a set of questions that is used to measure the skills, knowledge, intelligence, and the talent of an individual or a group.” In this study, the students’
achievement in reading narrative text was measured by using tests, namely pretest
and posttest. The pretest was used to find out the students’ reading achievement before the treatment and posttest was used to find out the students’ reading
achievement after the treatment. The instrument used in this research is a multiple choices items test. The
writer used the multiple choices items in chosen forms of “a, b, c, d” and the total number were 35 questions. The writer chosen the multiple choices items because
she think that this test more objective and more representative for reading test as stated by Nitko, 1983: 212 the advantages of multiple choices items included:
a. Versatility in assessing a variety of instructional objectives. b. Reduction of opportunities for the examinee to “bluff” or “dress-up” an
answer. c. Focus on reading and thinking and thereby not on writing under examination
conditions. d. Reduced chances for an examinee to obtain the correct answer by blind
guessing. e. Usefulness in obtaining “diagnostic insight” when distracters are based on
common pupil errors or misconceptions.
3.5 Data Collection
Gathering the data was the important thing in doing research.
There were some steps had been done in order to collect the data.
