158 S. Mazaki-Tovi et al.
158 S. Mazaki-Tovi et al.
bacterial vaginosis: a randomized, controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol prevention randomized cerclage trial (CIPRACT): study design and 97:643-648, 2001
preliminary results. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183:823-829, 2000 259. Lamont RF, Jones BM, Mandal D, et al: The efficacy of vaginal clinda-
278. Althuisius SM, Dekker GA, Hummel P, et al: Final results of the mycin for the treatment of abnormal genital tract flora in pregnancy.
Cervical Incompetence Prevention Randomized Cerclage Trial Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 11:181-189, 2003
(CIPRACT): therapeutic cerclage with bed rest versus bed rest alone. 260. Kekki M, Kurki T, Kotomaki T, et al: Cost-effectiveness of screening
Am J Obstet Gynecol 185:1106-1112, 2001 and treatment for bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy among
279. Guzman ER, Ananth CV: Cervical length and spontaneous prematu- women at low risk for preterm birth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
rity: laying the foundation for future interventional randomized trials 83:27-36, 2004
for the short cervix. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 18:195-199, 2001 261. Larsson PG, Fahraeus L, Carlsson B, et al: Late miscarriage and pre-
280. Novy MJ, Gupta A, Wothe DD, et al: Cervical cerclage in the second term birth after treatment with clindamycin: a randomised consent
trimester of pregnancy: a historical cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol design study according to Zelen. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 113:629-637,
184:1447-1454, 2001
2006 281. Althuisius SM, Dekker GA, van Geijn HP: Cervical incompetence: a 262. Morency AM, Bujold E: The effect of second-trimester antibiotic ther-
reappraisal of an obstetric controversy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 57:377- apy on the rate of preterm birth. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29:35-44,
2007 282. To MS, Palaniappan V, Skentou C, et al: Elective cerclage vs. ultra- 263. Andrews WW, Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, et al: Interconceptional
sound-indicated cerclage in high-risk pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet antibiotics to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: a randomized clin-
Gynecol 19:475-477, 2002
ical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:617-623, 2006 283. Althuisius SM, Dekker GA, Hummel P, et al: Cervical incompetence 264. Espinoza J, Erez O, Romero R: Preconceptional antibiotic treatment to
prevention randomized cerclage trial: emergency cerclage with bed prevent preterm birth in women with a previous preterm delivery.
rest versus bed rest alone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:907-910, 2003 Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:630-637, 2006
284. Berghella V, Bega G, Tolosa JE, et al: Ultrasound assessment of the 265. Briggs RM, Thompson WB Jr: Treatment of the incompetent cervix.
cervix. Clin Obstet Gynecol 46:947-962, 2003 Obstet Gynecol 16:414-418, 1960
285. Odibo AO, Elkousy M, Ural SH, et al: Prevention of preterm birth by 266. Seppala M, Vara P: Cervical cerclage in the treatment of incompetent
cervical cerclage compared with expectant management: a systematic cervix. A retrospective analysis of the indications and results of 164
review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 58:130-136, 2003 operations. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 49:343-346, 1970
286. To MS, Alfirevic Z, Heath VC, et al: Cervical cerclage for prevention of 267. Robboy MS: The management of cervical incompetence. UCLA expe-
preterm delivery in women with short cervix: randomised controlled rience with cerclage procedures. Obstet Gynecol 41:108-112, 1973
trial. Lancet 363:1849-1853, 2004
268. Crombleholme WR, Minkoff HL, Delke I, et al: Cervical cerclage: an 287. Belej-Rak T, Okun N, Windrim R, et al: Effectiveness of cervical cer- aggressive approach to threatened or recurrent pregnancy wastage.
clage for a sonographically shortened cervix: a systematic review and Am J Obstet Gynecol 146:168-174, 1983
meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:1679-1687, 2003 269. Lazar P, Gueguen S, Dreyfus J, et al: Multicentred controlled trial of
288. Drakeley AJ, Roberts D, Alfirevic Z: Cervical stitch (cerclage) for pre- cervical cerclage in women at moderate risk of preterm delivery. Br J
venting pregnancy loss in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Obstet Gynaecol 91:731-735, 1984
CD003253, 2003
270. Rush RW, Isaacs S, McPherson K, et al: A randomized controlled trial 289. Drakeley AJ, Roberts D, Alfirevic Z: Cervical cerclage for prevention of of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm
preterm delivery: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Obstet Gynecol delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 91:724-730, 1984
102:621-627, 2003
271. Final report of the Medical Research Council/Royal College of Obste- 290. Rust OA, Atlas RO, Jones KJ, et al: A randomized trial of cerclage tricians and Gynaecologists multicentre randomised trial of cervical
versus no cerclage among patients with ultrasonographically detected cerclage. MRC/RCOG Working Party on Cervical Cerclage. Br J Obstet
second-trimester preterm dilatation of the internal os. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 100:516-523, 1993
Gynecol 183:830-835, 2000
272. Ayhan A, Mercan R, Tuncer ZS, et al: Postconceptional cervical cer- 291. Higgins SP, Kornman LH, Bell RJ, et al: Cervical surveillance as an clage. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 42:243-246, 1993
alternative to elective cervical cerclage for pregnancy management of 273. Golan A, Wolman I, Arieli S, et al: Cervical cerclage for the incompe-
suspected cervical incompetence. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 44:228- tent cervical os. Improving the fetal salvage rate. J Reprod Med 40:
367-370, 1995 292. Sakai M, Shiozaki A, Tabata M, et al: Evaluation of effectiveness of 274. Olatunbosun OA, al Nuaim L, Turnell RW: Emergency cerclage com-
prophylactic cerclage of a short cervix according to interleukin-8 in pared with bed rest for advanced cervical dilatation in pregnancy. Int
cervical mucus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:14-19, 2006 Surg 80:170-174, 1995
293. Goldenberg RL, Klebanoff M, Carey JC, et al: Metronidazole treatment 275. Guzman ER, Houlihan C, Vintzileos A, et al: The significance of trans-
of women with a positive fetal fibronectin test result. Am J Obstet vaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the cervix in women treated
Gynecol 185:485-486, 2001
with emergency cerclage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:471-476, 1996 294. Shennan A, Crawshaw S, Briley A, et al: A randomised controlled trial 276. Kurup M, Goldkrand JW: Cervical incompetence: elective, emergent,
of metronidazole for the prevention of preterm birth in women posi- or urgent cerclage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 181:240-246, 1999
tive for cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin: the PREMET Study. Br J Ob- 277. Althuisius SM, Dekker GA, van Geijn HP, et al: Cervical incompetence
stet Gynaecol 113:65-74, 2006
Postpartum Hemorrhage: