Research method Research Setting

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter gives information on how the study was conducted. It includes how the data were gathered and analyzed to answer the problem formulations. This chapter consists of research method, research participants, instruments, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedures.

A. Research method

In this research, the researcher conducted naturalistic observation to answer first problem and survey study to answer the second problem formulations. 1. Naturalistic Observation Observational data allows the researcher to gather “live” data from “live situation” Cohen, Manion, Morrison, 2000. This method enabled the researcher to understand the context of the situation and to find other findings that the participant could not talk about in the questionnaires or interview session ibid. In this research, the researcher took the role as “observer-as-participant” in which the researcher was known as the researcher not the participant and the researcher had less extensive contact with the students ibid. In this research, the researcher conduct participant observational studies in which the researcher stayed with the 27 participants for a certain period of time to record the activities that happened in the class. 2. Survey Ary, Jacobs and Razavieh 1979 says that “A survey gathers information about variables rather than information about individuals”. The questions provided in the survey are information-gathering questions. Survey is a study that allows the researcher to summarize or measure the opinions, attitudes, and characteristics of several groups about particular issues ibid. The data presented in this research were presented in quantitative and qualitative ways. The data collection was in a form of numeric data from the questionnaire, and then it would be explained in qualitative way. The data gathered from the interview were presented and described in qualitative way.

B. Research Setting

The research was conducted in Sociolinguistic class English Language Education Study Program ELESP Sanata Dharma Uiversity Yogyakarta. The researcher started to conduct the research from April – October 2012. The research was divided into two parts. The first part, the class observation and questionnaire distribution were conducted on April – May. The second part, the interview session with lecturer and students, was conducted on September – October 2012. 28

C. Research participants